Speaking Ethically Essay -- Literary Analysis, Dinesh D’Souza

The 5 considerations for speaking ethically are: â€Å"have a clear and responsible goal† (p. 51); â€Å"use sound evidence and reasoning† (p. 52); â€Å"be sensitive to and tolerant of differences† (p. 53); â€Å"be honest† (p. 53); and â€Å"don’t plagiarize†. The three considerations for listening ethically are: â€Å"communicate your expectations and feedback: (p. 57); â€Å"be sensitive to and tolerant of differences† (p. 58); and â€Å"listen critically† (p. 58). The first consideration for speaking ethically exists in order to establish trust with the audience. The audience should be aware of what the point of the speech is, what they are going to be persuaded about. Personally I feel that Dinesh D’Souza violated this consideration by labeling his speech â€Å"Christianity and Islam: is religion the problem?† It was excruciatingly clear that he wasn’t honestly examining the advantages and disadvantages (pragmatic effects, clearly theological effects would have been a different discussion) of religion in society, he was stating his opinion that atheists cause millions of deaths per year, Muslims cause thousands of deaths per year, while Christians advance the world and prevent deaths. Thus, the title of his speech was misleading, and according to the book, unethical. The second consideration for speaking ethically exists so that opinions may be accepted or dismissed on their own merits. The idea is that sifting through false ideas is a good thing, and the best method for sifting through false ideas is for each individual to form his or her own opinion. I believe Dinesh D’Souza violated this consideration with the following paraphrased argument: â€Å"President Obama’s father wants to crush corporations under the heel of government; the title of a book written by Preside... ...o hold. In other words, the opinion is worthwhile because there is an issue that is important. The third step is satisfy. It exists in order to show that the valuable opinion can solve the need. The fourth step is visualization. It exists in order to help the audience visualize the issue, and the outcomes that will occur because of the issue not being fixed. The fifth step is action. It exists in order demonstrate how the audience personally can help fix the issue. For example, step 3 may be â€Å"schools need increased funding† and step 5 might be â€Å"you individually volunteering at school sporting events lets the school spend money on other things†. The sixth step is rebuttal. It exists in order to be a straw-man argument, albeit possibly with more honesty. This step allows the speaker to honestly, or dishonestly, propose other possible solutions and dismiss them. Speaking Ethically Essay -- Literary Analysis, Dinesh D’Souza The 5 considerations for speaking ethically are: â€Å"have a clear and responsible goal† (p. 51); â€Å"use sound evidence and reasoning† (p. 52); â€Å"be sensitive to and tolerant of differences† (p. 53); â€Å"be honest† (p. 53); and â€Å"don’t plagiarize†. The three considerations for listening ethically are: â€Å"communicate your expectations and feedback: (p. 57); â€Å"be sensitive to and tolerant of differences† (p. 58); and â€Å"listen critically† (p. 58). The first consideration for speaking ethically exists in order to establish trust with the audience. The audience should be aware of what the point of the speech is, what they are going to be persuaded about. Personally I feel that Dinesh D’Souza violated this consideration by labeling his speech â€Å"Christianity and Islam: is religion the problem?† It was excruciatingly clear that he wasn’t honestly examining the advantages and disadvantages (pragmatic effects, clearly theological effects would have been a different discussion) of religion in society, he was stating his opinion that atheists cause millions of deaths per year, Muslims cause thousands of deaths per year, while Christians advance the world and prevent deaths. Thus, the title of his speech was misleading, and according to the book, unethical. The second consideration for speaking ethically exists so that opinions may be accepted or dismissed on their own merits. The idea is that sifting through false ideas is a good thing, and the best method for sifting through false ideas is for each individual to form his or her own opinion. I believe Dinesh D’Souza violated this consideration with the following paraphrased argument: â€Å"President Obama’s father wants to crush corporations under the heel of government; the title of a book written by Preside... ...o hold. In other words, the opinion is worthwhile because there is an issue that is important. The third step is satisfy. It exists in order to show that the valuable opinion can solve the need. The fourth step is visualization. It exists in order to help the audience visualize the issue, and the outcomes that will occur because of the issue not being fixed. The fifth step is action. It exists in order demonstrate how the audience personally can help fix the issue. For example, step 3 may be â€Å"schools need increased funding† and step 5 might be â€Å"you individually volunteering at school sporting events lets the school spend money on other things†. The sixth step is rebuttal. It exists in order to be a straw-man argument, albeit possibly with more honesty. This step allows the speaker to honestly, or dishonestly, propose other possible solutions and dismiss them.