Was the Constitution of 1787 a Pro or Anti Slavery document essays

Was the Constitution of 1787 a Pro or Anti Slavery document essays The constitution of the United States was created with the intentions of a separation of powers, established to reconstruct the failing Articles of Confederation. The constitutional convention never clearly addressed the issue of slavery, but I feel that in context that it did address, and I think the constitution did support slavery. In article I section 9, it states that, the migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty maybe imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The word persons I feel are referring to slaves being imported from Africa or where ever slaves were being imported from. This is the first evidence that the delegates at the convention had no intentions of regulating slavery. Why would the delegates want to outlaw slavery, slaves was the biggest factor of production, free labor, slaves were expendable and the states with large plantations were making a lot of money from this free labor. More evidence from the constitution is Article IV section 2; no person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. That sounds like the delegates were making sure they were protecting the investments of southern plantation owners, and not offending the north at the same time, the terms service or labor during the 1780s could only be tied to one thing, slavery. The bread and butter or The Smoking Gun was the three-fifths compromise, when free and slaves agreed to count only three fifths of the slaves in appointing both representation and direct taxes. If ...

Numerical Expressions

Numerical Expressions Numerical Expressions Numerical Expressions By Sharon There are many expressions in English which reflect our need to classify and put a value on items. Here are a few: First water This is most often heard in the phrase a diamond of the first water. The expression means the best quality. The best diamonds are nearly as clear as water, and this is the origin of the expression. Second fiddle This expression means a secondary role, as in She played second fiddle to her best friend. The lead violinist sounds the notes that guide the rest of the orchestra, so this position is more important than the second violin or second fiddle. Third degree When youre given the third degree, you get a verbal grilling. No ones quite sure where the expression originates, but a popular tale has it that the third degree of masonry was difficult to attain and candidates had to answer a lot of questions in order to attain it. Fourth estate The fourth estate is the press, as distinct from the other three estates in the UK. The other three are the spiritual lords, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Fifth column This expression is reportedly of Spanish origin. During the Spanish Civil War, a general who was leading four columns of his army to fight, claimed to have a fifth one in Madrid. The expression refers to a group of people who support their countrys enemies. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?"Certified" and "Certificated"8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

How does new technology help the Arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

How does new technology help the Arts - Essay Example A number of basic digital hardware and software are within the financial reach of many artists, stimulating more interest, creativity and positive inspiration. The Arts are a vast subdivision of culturally stimulating and creative outlets, in which the artist expresses himself, or his perspective toward one or more aspects. There are various branches of the Arts: Visual Arts are art forms that are essentially visual in nature such as Drawing, Painting, Sculpting, Photography, Filmmaking, Computer Art, Plastic Art and Applied Arts. Literary Art involves expression through the art of written words. It is creative writing based on historical or factual information, or just original imagination, such as poetry, essays, prose, drama and autobiography. Performing Arts are art forms in which artists use their physical presence, body or voice to convey artistic expressions. These art forms include dance, music, opera, theatre, spoken word, circus arts and musical theatre. Fine Arts are art f orms developed mainly for aesthetics and/or concept. Commonly included are the  visual art  and  performing art  forms, such as painting, sculpting, collage, decollage, assemblage, installation, calligraphy, music, dance, theatre, architecture, film, photography, conceptual art and printmaking. Technology, if used positively, is a massive transition from reality to creative stimulation in the Arts. It is evolving in major focus of the Arts, mainly in terms of Marketing and Public Relations. Arts Marketing Marketing is defined as a sound, effective technique for influencing behavior and creating successful exchanges (Bernstein, 2007). It involves finding new areas for improvement, new areas where an organization can develop its approach to customers in the long-term benefits of each party. Arts, in relation to Marketing, involves reflecting vision and commitment in relevance to the relationships of the customers and the organization, enhancing the artistic mission of an arts organization, building a long-standing exchange with customers and exhibiting arts as a form of creativity and passion to a specific or vast audience (Elizabeth Hill, 2003). Arts Organizations are non-profit organizations usually in the form of an association or foundation. These are formed for the purpose of developing and promoting the work of artists in various visual and performing art forms such as film, sculpting, dance, painting, multimedia and poetry. Such organizations are mainly museums, theatres, concert, and opera halls. Although these platforms have existed for centuries as a form of artists’ retreats, the development of government organizations such as the Arts Council of Great Britain, The Canada Council, The New York State Council on the Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts, have helped, as all of these organizations award grants to help promote the growth of art and culture. Arts Marketing seeks to capture an audience and advance the artistic abilitie s of art organizations accordingly. It aims to create inspirations for creativity and exhibit it where it is appreciated. In terms of Performing Arts, various theatres and concert halls advertise for publicity and artistic appreciation. This exhibition of creativity also helps the performing artists gain incentive to improve their skills and develop interactive abilities. As newer technologies evolve, customers have grown to expect more customized experiences of the Arts. High technology has made possible and common for people to exhibit their own art, place orders at any time of day and find virtually any kind of information they seek. The Arts organizations that use modern technologies to exhibit various forms of art (visual,

Product recognition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Product recognition - Research Paper Example y designed to target the needs of the young generation who cares a lot about bad breath and, use different products to seek â€Å"freshness in breath.† Colgate Max Fresh is high-in-demand in Asian markets as compare to American and European markets. But, the brand can position itself in American and European markets successfully by associating itself with the activities especially for the youth to slowly make its place in the markets. The product is catered to meet the needs of the young generation who seek freshness and use multiple oral products to keep their breath fresh and clean. The product is segmented on the basis of age and gender. Mostly, young males are more conscious about their bad breath due to their smoking habits as compare to girls. Therefore, to reach this specific consumer group, the company has targeted the young males on the basis of â€Å"freshness†. Colgate Max Fresh owns a heavy market in Asia. But, due to high smoking habits of Europeans, the brand can have its potential growth in Europe as well. In America, the brand will enjoy a little attention as the Americans seek whitening of teeth over bad breath. Colgate Max Fresh has been introduced in the market in multiple flavors. The product is designed to target the youth. To penetrate in the market and in the minds of youth, it has associated itself with the brands such as iPods and other sports activities such as Kayaking. This association has helped the brand to develop its image of a brand which is specifically designed for the youth. To target more young consumers, the brand can also sponsor programs that are catered towards the young audience. The constant appearance of Colgate Max Fresh commercial on the TV channel will draw the young audience towards the product, hence, making a psychological effect on their minds. The brand can associate itself with MTV America and Europe to target more young consumers as they listen to music more than any other age group. Colgate Max Fresh has

Human Resource Management at Nokia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Human Resource Management at Nokia - Case Study Example Same was the case with Nokia, it had to determine a particular line of business to choose and divest the rest. He declared the strategic intent of Nokia as "focused, grouped, telecom-oriented and value-added." One of the key reasons for the success was the remarkable team work of five main figures of the organization, under the dynamic leadership of Ollila. As the time passed and the group progressed, a number of other strategic changes also took place; such as, the injection of US capital in the organization, the global expansion, the product-specific strategies. Setting own standards (WAP), Nokia Venture Organization, fact-based management etc. Happiness comes never alone; it does bring some undesirable consequences as well, either in the long run or in the short run. Same is the case with Nokia; there are a number of facts which are influencing the current problems. Some of the problems faced by the Nokia group, along with their background facts are as follows. Currently, the growth rate for Nokia is 25-35 percent. Nokia was looking as a prospect of one hundred thousand employees round the world. This desire was deeply rooted in the history of the performance of Nokia. Nokia wanted to be the market leader at worldwide level. It was not possible by limiting its operations only in the Finland only. As a result, implementing the word global of the strategic intent, it started to expand beyond the borders of Finland. At that time, this strategy had a positive impact. It was so, on the basis of the fact that this expansion brought the presence of Nokia in new markets, thus it resulted in increase in sales and consequently, increase in the market share. This increase in market share was well reflected in the performance of Nokia in the initial years of 1990's. However, now further expansion would have proved to be costly in many regards. It would have been costly not only in monetary terms, but in terms of other aspects as well. The main cost in that regard would be the diseconomies of scale in terms of management resources. The more the company was expanding; it was loosing the central values, which were the reason of success in the past. Moreover, the unity of organizational culture was being lost. Lowering Prices Another challenge faced by the Nokia group now was the pressure of market forces to lower the prices. Initially, when the technology was new, the competitors were few, the prices for the mobile phones were high. Thus, it was possible to have high margins. But now all the mobile phone companies were being squeezed from the two sides. On one hand, the global price war is being in the process forcing the mobile phone companies to lower the prices. On the other hand, the more fierce competition is to attract the fresh talent. All the companies, especially the mobile phone companies require the talented young blood to work for their company and make strategies to respond to the dynamic environment. Thus, all the companies are offering the higher salaries and other financial incentives to attract those dynamic managers. As a result of this tug of war, the companies are on one hand pressurized to lower the prices, while on the other hand, they are bound to offer high salaries to retain thei r knowledge asset (human resource), this has become a real challenge for Nokia as well in current

Medical Treatment Using Computed Tomography (CT)

Medical Treatment Using Computed Tomography (CT) Breast Plan Part One Treatment Site / Diagnosis: Left Breast Treatment Modality: 2 Dimensional tangential Type of Patient Data: Computed tomography and virtual simulation Technique: Isocentric Prescription Isodose: 40GY in 15# Part Two Computed tomography (CT) was employed as an imaging modality for this treatment. In general, CT is the standard imaging modality employed. This is due to the ability of CT to provide a 3 Dimensional image of the tumour and the ordinary anatomy in that area, CT is particularly effective in visualising bony anatomy. It also provides the electron density data essential to enable accurate dose calculation and planning. Although CT scanning is the standard for treatment localisation, magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) are superior in defining soft tissue and tumour metastasis and so it is now advisable to employ CT-MRI fusion imaging in order to improve the accuracy of tumour localisation for treatment (Bhide and Nutting 2010). Tangential fields are normally used in the treatment of tumours of the breast. Virtual simulation (v-sim) is employed in order to generate lateral and medial tangential fields. V-sim ensures accurate field matching and acceptable coverage of the breast tissue, the chest wall and the surgical or mastectomy scar (Barrett and Dobbs et al. 2009 and Moran and Haffty 2009). Part Three The choice of beam energy is heavily dependent on patient size and separation; in general the chosen beam energy is 6 Megavoltage. For patients with a separation greater than 22cm, higher energy beams are usually used in order to improve dose homogeneity. Higher energy beams reduce the skin sparing effect of a lower energy; therefore care should be taken to ensure there is sufficient coverage of the superficial breast, mastectomy scar and clinical boarders (Barrett, Dobbs et al. 2009). The breast is traditionally treated by means of two dimensional conformal tangential beams. The beam arrangement is a lateral and medial beam. The field boarders are marked up clinically, usually by a specialist radiographer. The lateral beam is usually at mid axilla and the medial beam at sternal level. The beams are at tangents to each other avoid irradiation of the heart, lung, dose uniformity and no dose overlap to the contralateral breast (Lee and Harris 2009). Segmented beams were also selected in order to improve Planning Target Volume (PTV) coverage and allow for Multi Leaf Collimator (MLC) shielding without compromising coverage of the PTV whilst shielding out undesired hot spots that naturally occur in the inframammary fold of the breast tissue (Nakamura, Hatanaka et al. 2011). According to a study by Purdy 2004 ICRU 50 guidelines states that the isodose distribution within the PTV must be between 95% 107% .In order to achieve optimum dose distribution wedged beams are employed, wedges are tissue compensators that account for missing tissue in order to improve the homogeneity of the dose distribution (Barrett, Dobbs et al. 2009). This is particularly important in breast treatments due to the contour of the breast. The anterior surface of the breast is less dense than the tissue toward the chest wall, hotspots tend to occur around the areola for this reason wedges in this plan are 60 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ° and orientated with the thick end anterior in order to distribute the dose away from the nipple and conform more homogenously to the chest wall. There are also wedges on the segments in order to improve dose homogeneity in the superior/ inferior direction and to ensure acceptable PTV coverage (Haffty, Buchholz et al. 2008). Part 4 There is acceptable coverage of the CTV, in breast treatment, the aim is to treat all the breast tissue to the deep fascia the 95% isodose should conform to the chest wall but not include the pectoralis major (Barrett, Dobbs et al. 2009). The breast tissue is covered by the 95% isodose line and it adheres well to the muscles of the chest wall. There are no hot spots present within the plan due to the optimal use of tissue compensators as mentioned above. According to a study by Purdy in 2004, ICRU guidelines isodse distribution must be kept between 95% 107%, MLC shielding on the segments were employed in order to shield any hotspots present within the CTV without compromising target coverage or causing the plan to become too cold. Part 5 The critical organs that were contoured were the left lung. Although there is no dose volume histogram associated with breast treatments, there should be no more than 2cm of lung volume included in the treatment field in order to prevent late toxicities such as lung fibrosis and pneumonitis. It is also advisable to contour the heart on left sided breast treatments. Part 6 This plan is clinically acceptable, however as the treatment is being delivered to the left side, the heart should be taken into consideration. Deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) is becoming more common for left sided breast treatments. DIBH involves treating the patient on inspiration and breath hold through coaching either auditory or visually or both. During inspiration the breast tissue is lifted off the chest wall and thus results in less cardiac tissue and lung being irradiated (Vikstrà ¶m, Hjelstuen et al. 2011). Not all patients are suitable for DIBH if they cannot remain in breath hold for the length of time it takes to deliver the beam. However it is still important to remove the heart from the high dose area, this is achievable by the use of cardiac shielding created by MLCS. Although this has shown a reduction in the dose received by the heart, it also risks underdoing of the target (Bartlett, Yarnold et al. 2013). References Barrett, A., J. Dobbs, et al. (2009). Practical Radiotherapy Planning Fourth Edition, CRC Press. Bartlett, F. R., J. R. Yarnold, et al. (2013). Multileaf Collimation Cardiac Shielding in Breast Radiotherapy: Cardiac Doses are Reduced, But at What Cost? Clinical Oncology 25(12): 690-696. Bhide, S. and C. Nutting (2010). Recent advances in radiotherapy. BMC medicine 8(1): 25. Haffty, B. G., T. A. Buchholz, et al. (2008). Should intensity-modulated radiation therapy be the standard of care in the conservatively managed breast cancer patient? Journal of Clinical Oncology 26(13): 2072-2074. Lee, L. J. and J. R. Harris (2009). Innovations in radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer. The Breast 18: S103-S111. Moran, M. S. and B. G. Haffty (2009). Radiation Techniques and Toxicities for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer. Seminars in Radiation Oncology 19(4): 244-255. Nakamura, N., S. Hatanaka, et al. (2011). Quantification of cold spots caused by geometrical uncertainty in field-in-field techniques for whole breast radiotherapy. Japanese journal of clinical oncology 41(9): 1127-1131. Purdy, J. A. (2004). Current ICRU definitions of volumes: limitations and future directions. Seminars in Radiation Oncology, Elsevier. Vikstrà ¶m, J., M. H. Hjelstuen, et al. (2011). Cardiac and pulmonary dose reduction for tangentially irradiated breast cancer, utilizing deep inspiration breath-hold with audio-visual guidance, without compromising target coverage. Acta Oncologica 50(1): 42-50.

A Wall In-Between Essay -- Literary Analysis

On August 13, 1961, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) constructed the Berlin Wall to prevent its citizen from leaving the country (Frederick Taylor, US News.com). For twenty-eight years, the Berlin Wall completely detached West Berlin, isolating its population from the remaining human race. Margaret Atwood represents this real experience in the novel The Handmaid’s Tale. Instead of dividing a large population, Atwood conveys the Harvard University perimeter wall as a divider between oneself and the people around them. Through this, Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaids Tale demonstrates how the author uses physiological object of the wall to reveal the barriers between the characters, physically and emotionally. Atwood’s description of the Harvard Wall presents a setting that is intimidating, daunting, and rigidly regulated. We can identify with the fearsome image Atwood describes because we can all picture a common jail cell. The cold brick walls â€Å"and barbed wire along the bottom†¦ they are ugly† (31). The walls themselves create and image of fear within the human mind however, it is what is in or on these walls that frightens the mind the most. In prisons we commonly think of the punishment is a hidden form of isolation, humiliation and/or torture, for the misbehaved. The Harvard wall publicly displays these methods of punishment through the form of lynching. This is a method used by Atwood to convey the significance of the wall and the use of fear produced by the Gilead society to create a barrier. â€Å"But on one bag there's blood, which has seeped through the white cloth. . . This smile of blood is what fixes the attention finally† (32). As Atwood clear ly states, the men who are hanging on the wall are meant to frighten peop... ...hysical object of the wall and the clothing connect to the emotional separation of the multiple characters by the fear and barriers set by the Gilead government. The fear and barriers come from the Harvard wall an image depicted by Margaret Atwood in The Handmaid’s Tale. The Novel additionally utilizes the image of the wall to show the physical and emotional boundaries it creates within its characters. Borders are created throughout the novel, through clothing, through fear and through people. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid's Tale. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986. Print. Collins English Dictionary. London: Collins, 2009. Print. Taylor, Frederick. "The Rise and Fall of the Berlin Wall." US News. U.S.News & World Report, 13 Nov. 2008. Web. 02 Apr. 2012.