response to Naomi Wolf :: essays research papers

     What current society directs ladies should look like has greatly affected typical ladies and how they believe they should look and act. I have no uncertainty a gigantic issue exists in the public arena accordingly. I think it has brought about ladies being put to the side as far as progression. It likewise brings out a feeling of low confidence. Young ladies wherever are raised before a picture they can never accomplish. A really perfect lady is one who has the trust in herself to realize that she is past that picture. The watchword there is certainty. Sadly, the magazine spread industry breaks certainty with its depictions of slim, tall ladies. The perfect magazine spread lady is an out of reach error. In any case, there is no blameworthy gathering to be accused for this reality. Blaming the organizations putting that picture to utilize is uncalled for. The possibility that ladies are exposed to an unjustifiable measure of weight because of the style world and other news sources is not really new, yet Naomi Wolf takes this case to another and foolish level. Her paper is as sloppy as it is unreasonable. Her thoughts are introduced in a buffet of imperfect rationale. Especially upsetting is the thing that she calls the â€Å"beauty myth.† What I can't help contradicting is the word fantasy. As per Wolf, ladies in magazines and notices have around 20% less weight than that of the normal lady, making an unreachable norm. This reality not the slightest bit underpins her case of a â€Å"beauty myth.† The presence of a fantasy proposes something to be false in nature. Magazine organizations and promotion offices are not in the matter of demonstrating a normal lady. They are in the matter of selling an item. Obviously they are going to utilize delightful individuals. These organizations totally respect the way that most ladies don't in truth resemble this, yet they realize that their item would be less engaging on the off chance that they showed normal or ugly ladies. Along these lines, they don't merit investigation over the way that they don't present a regular lady. They in actuality do likewise for men. Wolf says, â€Å"The magnificence legend isn't about ladies by any stretch of the imagination. It is about men’s organizations and institutional power† (page 485, first new section). How can one start to state how distorted this impression is?

Accounting theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bookkeeping hypothesis - Assignment Example October: At the directors’ meeting it was chosen to designate offers in full to the candidates who had paid everything and relatively to all the rest of the candidates. As indicated by the company’s constitution, all overflow cash from application can be moved to Allotment and Call accounts. February 15: As accommodated in the constitution, the chiefs chose to relinquish these â€Å"C† standard offers. The constitution further accommodated any overflow on resale, after fulfillment of unpaid calls, accumulated intrigue and expenses, to be come back to the previous investors. This is in accordance with the notification normally given by the top managerial staff enduring fourteen days after which the defaulting individuals will lose their offers through relinquishment (Leo, Hoggett, and Sweeting 2012). February 20: The Company offered normal investors 1 alternative (at a cost of $1 per choice), for each 3 offers held. Every alternative qualified the holder for purchase 1 â€Å"D† common offer at a cost of $1.50 per share, exercisable on 1

Off-Panel December 12, 2014

Off-Panel December 12, 2014 Heres your weekly round-up of comics news stories we found interesting, from the gutters and beyond. FREE COMIC BOOK DAYs Gold Sponsor titles for 2015 have been revealed, and the big news has got to be Secret Wars #1 from Marvel. (But my heart has a big spot saved for the Boom! 10th anniversary collection: its going to have stuff from Lumberjanes, Jim Hensons Labyrinth, and  Adventure Time.) Each day, a new book will be announced from a variety of different publishers, like a digital advent calendar where instead of candy and tiny toys, you get comics. You can keep the book or gift it to someone of your choosing. Spread the love. Youll have to pop in daily to see what surprises await. The giveaway kicks off with  The Wake  #1. The story is about Lee Archer, a marine biologist who finds herself in the employ of the Department of Homeland Security. Shes taken to a secret oilrig hidden in the Arctic Circle where they have discovered something both terrifying and wonderful. It must really be the season of Santa, because Comixology is giving away comics for the next 12 days. Get em! The question is, why do folks like Broderick and Ellis find that threatening? How exactly does someone cosplaying Power-Girl next to your booth damage you? People sometimes make vague claims about loss of revenue, or that the cosplayers dont buy enough comicsâ€"though its  hard to figure  how more people at a convention filing past your table is going to damage your bottom line. The real vitriol, in any case, as in Elliss statement, seems to be directed at the sexuality of cosplay, and even more at its artificiality. It’s the same mentality behind the  fake geek girl  memeâ€"the idea that women cosplayers arent real fans, and, beyond that, arent actually real people. As Julia Serano argues in her 2007 book  Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity, the feminine is often denigrated as artificial and sexualized. The cosplayers threaten to undermine the authentic purity and virtue of the comics industry. A woman is getting her picture taken close byâ€"how can we ever take our magic wishing-rings and  giant-sized Man-Things  seriously again?! The Atlantic is asking some interesting questions about why some creators and fans respond the way they do to the practice of cosplay. My you-do-you policy kicks in pretty swiftly around all this stuff, as long as everyone is happy (and all interactions are consensual). Jeet Magic on the Twitter Mic Heer dropped his thoughts on how Maus can be read as a detective novel, and its as thought-provoking as it sounds (my Twitter account legit has a crush on him and his burgeoning twessay form). The book itself is experimental in a way that Archie comics were not.Tell me about that. The book is a 100-chapter book. Faced with an uninteresting corpus of text, I tried to write the book in an unusual way to offset that. The format was actually suggested by a colleague of mine who is a poet. He said, “You need to write this not as a scholarly book but like a book of poetry. With short chapters that people won’t get tired of.” The book doesn’t have to be read from beginning to end. You can jump around as I do close readings on very minor details. I have a whole chapter on Archie’s sweater vest and a whole chapter on Betty’s ponytail. Why did you choose to focus on that image? I argue that Betty in fact is her ponytail. Of the thousand issues of Archie that I read to write this book, I think there are only about five or six drawings of Betty without her ponytail. And whenever she takes her hair out of her ponytail, everything changes for her. So there are stories where she gives up, she realizes Archie will never love her, she’s sitting on her couch with her hair dishevelled, and she just becomes a depressive character. There are stories where she cuts her hair short in order to play the role of a hussy in the school play. She starts taking on more of a Veronica personality, she’s no longer the girl next door. That ponytail is very much tied to that naïve, innocent sense of Betty. University of Calgary comics scholar Bart Beaty talks about his new scholarly (but fun-sounding!) book about Archie Comics. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Political Apathy And The Threat Of Democracy - 1315 Words

What is political apathy and does it pose a threat to democracy? In 1950, voter turnout for the United Kingdom General Election peaked at a respectable 83.9% of the population. This number has dwindled steadily since then dropping to 72.7% in 1972 and in more contemporary times in the most recent UK General Election in 2015, this number drops to a worrying 66.1%. (House of Commons Research Papers, 2015) Does this statistic and blatant political apathy of 22.5 million people spark a threat to democracy? In order to assess whether political apathy poses a threat to democracy, the terms â€Å"political apathy† and â€Å"democracy† must first be defined. Apathy as defined by Oxford Dictionaries means a â€Å"Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern† (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016). Applying this to politics, political apathy can be defined as the lack of interest in actively taking part in politics either by voting or having no share in political activities. DeLuca puts political apathy into perspective: â€Å"X (a person) is apathetic with respect to Y (politics) if he or she is content with and/or uninterested in present political decision or arrangements. X freely chooses not to vote or participate in electoral activity.† (DeLuca, T. 1995 pp.78). The latter term â€Å"democracy† can be defined as a complex concept that centres on ensuring freedom for all citizens within a state or country. There are a number of strands of democracy: Protective, Plurali st, Developmental and Participatory - of whichShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Democracy Is Popularly Conceived As Government Of The1547 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Democracy is popularly conceived as government of the people, for the people and by the people† (Hassan, 2003). The term is used to describe a political process by which all citizens and the nation have a direct involvement in the creation of running a country and creating the policies within it. Evidently it can be argued that political apathy is a serious threat to democracy directly. Contradictory to this representative democracy selects applicable individuals to allow them to be a voice forRead MoreAQA GOVP1 past papers1601 Words   |  7 Pagesmain roles and functions performed by political parties within the UK political system. 5: Explain the term sectional groups used in the extract. 10: Using your own knowledge as well as the extract, identify and explain two criticisms of the sectional group/cause group typology. 25: Evaluate the factors that can result in some pressure groups being more successful than others. Jan 13 Mark scheme Examiners report 5: Explain the term democracy as used in the extract. 10: Using yourRead MoreThe Port Huron Statement Of The Students For A Democratic Society1118 Words   |  5 Pageswith American politics and economics, and provided possible solutions to these pressing issues. The statement is meant to inform society, and create an ongoing discussion between citizens, students, and elite members to construct a free and equal democracy. The Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) acknowledges that the world is ever changing by including that the statement is â€Å"a living document open to change.† Similar to the SDS, the United Students Against Sweatshops aims to improve quality ofRead MoreRacism And Its Subsequent Civil Liberty1234 Words   |  5 Pagesupon its own demise, when he said, â€Å"But it was impossible to save the Great Republic. She was rotten to the heart. Lust of conquest had long ago done its work; trampling upon the helpless abroad had taught her, by a natural process, to endure with apathy the like at home; multitudes who had applauded the crushing of other people s liberties, lived to suffer for their mistake in their own persons†. A common theme of the animated television show Futurama is the concept of multiculturalism and its subsequentRead MoreAnalysis Of John Sullivans Political Tolerance1406 Words   |  6 PagesIn John Sullivan’s Political Tolerance and American Democracy, he explores American public opinion regarding deviant political groups, and how far the people are willing to uphold the democratic values in the face of resistance to the social norms. This is done in order to delve into the long seated â€Å"controversies over the legitimacy of radical opposition to its liberal regime† (â€Å"Political Tolerance†). Sullivan proceeded to conduct survey research into how far citizens perceived the right to freeRead MoreThe Jacksonian Democratic Party1423 Words   |  6 Pagesindefeasible and fundamental privileges†, he called for a party to become the sen tinel of the original American democracy. And for many, the Jacksonian Democratic Party filled that role. The Democrats, who pursued a democracy that entailed economic and social independence for the common citizen, faced harsh opposition from the Whig Party in the Second American Party System. But apart from the political tensions of the era, the mid-1800’s were host to numerous movements and events that embodied, and didn’tRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Decisions716 Words   |  3 Pageseveryone, not only because of threats of terrorist attacks or the danger of war, but for far more mundane reasons.† (Kaufman pg. 3). Here Kaufman begins to unravel the differences between these two types of foreign policy. The extraordinary are the issues surrounding war, terrorist attacks, cyber warfare. The mundane, is as simple as the labels on your clothing, but as complex as who is allowed entry into the U.S.. These topics do not elicit as much of a reaction, because as Kau fman argues â€Å"the foreignRead MoreFactors Affecting The Electoral Elections Of Zimbabwe And South Africa1345 Words   |  6 Pagesdeclining electoral turnout in Zimbabwe and South Africa. After just twenty years of attainment of national independence from United Kingdom, in the year 2000, Zimbabwe experienced what can only be termed a major setback in its transition to democracy. Without threat of defeat from opposition parties, the ruling party ZANU PF had enjoyed dominance in Zimbabwe, where they enjoyed victory after victory in elections. Zimbabwe Parliamentary Elections of 2000 saw ZANU PF face formidable opposition from theRead MorePolitical Theories And Ideology Of Liberal Democracy Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesMany challenges put a stress on Modern Democracy because of the political theories and ideology our government holds, the current politicians taking office, inequalities throughout social classes and economies, and the opinions of â€Å"We the People†. N early every country claims to be some form of a democracy, but not all these self-proclaimed democracies allow for free politics, good government, and rule of law (Crick, 2002). Liberal democracy has begun to win over its royalist, fascist, and collectivistRead MoreMontesquieu s Spirit Of Laws And Jean Jacques Rousseau s On The Social Contract1620 Words   |  7 Pagestheir interpretation of different forms of government converge on the sovereignty of a democracy, but that is where most of their common ground lies. While Rousseau shares similarities on the sovereign authority of a democracy with Montesquieu, he departs by arguing how regardless of government, sovereignty always rests in the hands of the people. He also disagrees on how the populace should participate in the democracy and on their representation in government, making his principles more relevant today

Transgender Student Inclusion Single Sex Colleges

Transgender student inclusion Single sex Colleges in the United States are asking one difficult question, should transgender students be allowed to attend their schools despite identifying with another gender or being born the opposite sex? Same sex colleges are arguing among themselves over how same sex colleges, as a whole should treat these students. All female colleges were created in the support of giving education to females who were unwelcomed in higher education. To give the so called, â€Å"lesser sex† greater opportunities. Now that the schools that have previously rejected those women are Co-ed we are once again looking at those who are rejected by normal society because of their gender. Students who’s gender doesn’t fit the sex assigned to them at birth or don’t fit into Society’s typical gender binary are being treated with confusion and distrust, colleges like Barnard feel these students should not be allowed in same sex college. These students are reaching out to same sex colleges of their sex or gender because they are searching for acceptance they do not find in Co-ed school systems. These students find themselves often rejected from these schools however because they identify or were born differently from the accepted females. Same sex colleges should look review their admissions policy and foster a greater inclusion. Trans students are not treated as equals. According to the New York Times Sunday review, Faculty at the college of Barnard university argue ifShow MoreRelatedProviding Support to Transgender Students On Campus Essay1938 Words   |  8 PagesLGBT population arises across the United States, colleges and universities have responded by creating positive spaces and environments for students. However, in some cases, not all populations are served adequately. A population specifically, transgender students, sometimes do not receive the same support gay, lesbian and bisexual students receive. An issue facing LGBT Services at DePauw University is providing adequate services to transgender students. Providing educational programming, gender neutralRead MoreEssay on Evaluation and Program Research4857 Words   |  20 Pages(Sheperis, Daniels, Young, 2010) Keywords used for Literature Search and the Number of Results Found gay students (75,122), lesbian students (74,069), bisexual students (73,858), high school environments (189,066), heterosexuals (1,933), adolescents (25,333) Analyze the type of research methods used in each article selected (e.g., qualitative, quantitative, single-case designs, action research, and outcome-based research) Quantitative design. The article, â€Å"Gay, Lesbian, andRead MoreLgbt19540 Words   |  79 PagesWhat Is LGBT? LGBT stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and along with heterosexual they describe peoples sexual orientation or gender identity. These terms are explained in more detail here. Lesbian A lesbian woman is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to women. Many lesbians prefer to be called lesbian rather than gay. Gay A gay man is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to men. The word gay can be used to refer generallyRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 PagesCommission is to continuously improve health care for the public, in collaboration with other stakeholders, by evaluating health care organizations and inspiring them to excel in providing safe and effective care of the highest quality and value. The inclusion of an organization name, product, or service in a Joint Commission publication should not be construed as an endorsement of such organization, product, or services, nor is failure to include an organization name, product, or service to be construedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesWorker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing DiversityRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesIII-5 NIBCO’s â€Å"Big Bang†: An SAP Implementation CASE STUDY III-6 BAT Taiwan: Implementing SAP for a Strategic Transition CASE STUDY III-7 A Troubled Project at Modern Materials, Inc. CASE STUDY III-8 Purchasing and Implementing a Student Management System at Jefferson County School System CASE STUDY IV-1 The Clarion School for Boys, Inc.– Milwaukee Division: Making Information Systems Investments CASE STUDY IV-2 FastTrack IT Integration for the Sallie Mae Merger CASE

Bloodsucking Fiends A Love Story Chapter 16~18 Free Essays

Chapter 16 Heartwarming and UL-Approved There was a bum sleeping on the sidewalk across the street from the loft when they returned. Tommy, full of fast food and the elation of being twice laid, wanted to give the guy a dollar. Jody stopped him and pushed him up the steps. We will write a custom essay sample on Bloodsucking Fiends: A Love Story Chapter 16~18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Go on up,† she said. â€Å"I’ll be there in a minute.† She stood in the doorway watching the bum for movement. There was no heat signature around him and she assumed the worst. She waited for him to roll over and start laughing at her again. She was feeling strong and a little cocky from the infusion of Tommy’s blood, so she had to fight the urge to confront the vampire, to get dead in his face and scream. Instead she just whispered, â€Å"Asshole,† and closed the door. If his hearing was as acute as her own, and she was sure it was, he had heard her. She found Tommy in bed, fast asleep. Poor guy, she thought, running all over town doing my business. He probably hasn’t slept more than a couple of hours since we met. She pulled the covers over him, kissed him on the forehead, and went to the window in the front room to watch the bum across the street. Tommy was dreaming of bebop-driven sentences read by a naked redhead when he woke to find her sleeping next to him. He threw his arm over her and pulled her close, but there was no response, no pleasant groan or reciprocal snuggle. She was out. He pushed the light button on his watch and checked the time. It was almost noon. The room was so dark that the watch dial floated in his vision for a few seconds after he released the button. He went to the bathroom and fumbled around until he found the light switch. A single fluorescent tube clicked and sputtered and finally ignited, spilling a fuzzy green glow through the door into the bedroom. She looks dead, he thought. Peaceful, but dead. Then he looked at himself in the bathroom mirror. I look dead too. It took him a minute to realize that it was the fluorescent lighting that had sucked the life out of his face, not his vampire girlfriend. He affected a serious glare and thought about how they would describe him in a hundred years, when he was really famous and really dead. Like so many great writers before him, Flood was known for his troubled countenance and sickly pallor, especially under fluorescent lighting. Those who knew him said that even in those early years they could sense that this thin, serious young man would make his presence known as a great man of letters as well as a sexual dynamo. His legacy to the world was a trail of great books and broken hearts, and although it is well known that his love life was his downfall, he felt no regret, as illustrated in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech: â€Å"I have followed my penis into hell and returned with the story.† Tommy bowed deeply before the mirror, careful to keep the Nobel Prize medal from banging the sink, then began to interview himself, speaking clearly and slowly into his toothbrush. â€Å"I think it was shortly after my first successful bus transfer that I realized the City was mine. Here I would produce some of my greatest work, and here I would meet my first wife, the lovely but deeply disturbed Jody†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Tommy waved the microphone/toothbrush away as if the memories were too painful to recall, but actually he was trying to remember Jody’s last name. I should know her maiden name, he thought, if just for historical purposes. He glanced into the bedroom where the lovely but deeply disturbed Jody was lying naked and half-covered on the bed. He thought, She won’t mind if I wake her up. She doesn’t have to be at work or anything. He approached the bed and touched her cheek. â€Å"Jody,† he whispered. She didn’t stir. He shook her a bit. â€Å"Jody, honey.† Nothing. â€Å"Hey,† he said, taking her shoulders. â€Å"Hey, wake up.† She didn’t respond. He pulled the covers off her as his father used to do to him on cold winter mornings when he wouldn’t get up to go to school. â€Å"Up and at ’em, soldier – ass in the air and feet on the floor,† he said in his best drill-sergeant bark. She looked really great lying there naked in the half-light from the bathroom. He was getting a little turned on. How would I feel, he thought, if I woke up and she was making love to me? Why, I believe that I would be pleasantly surprised. I think that would be better than waking up to frying bacon and the Sunday funnies. Yes, I’m sure she’ll be pleased. He crawled into bed with her and ventured a tentative kiss. She was a little cold and didn’t move a muscle, but he was sure she liked it. He ran a finger down the valley between her breasts and over her stomach. What if she didn’t wake up? What if we do it and she doesn’t wake up at all? How would I feel if I woke up and she told me that we had done it while I slept? I’d be fine with it. A little sad that I missed things, but I wouldn’t be mad. I’d just ask her if I had a good time. Women are different, though. He tickled her just to get a reaction. Again, she didn’t move. She’s so cold. With her not moving at all it might be a little morbid. Maybe I should wait. I’ll tell her that I thought about it and decided that it wouldn’t be courteous. She’ll like that. He sighed deeply, got out of bed and pulled the covers over her. I should buy her something, he thought. Jody snapped into consciousness and bit down on something hard. She opened her eyes and saw Tommy sitting on the edge of the bed. She smiled. â€Å"Good morning,† he said. She reached for whatever was in her mouth. Tommy caught her hand. â€Å"Don’t bite down. It’s a thermometer.† He checked his watch, then pulled the thermometer out of her mouth and read it. â€Å"Ninety-five point two. You’re on your way.† Jody sat up and looked at the thermometer. â€Å"On my way to what?† He smiled bashfully. â€Å"On your way to body temperature. I bought you an electric blanket. It’s been on for like six hours.† She ran her hand over the blanket. â€Å"You’ve been warming me up?† â€Å"Pretty cool, huh?† Tommy said. â€Å"I went to the library and got books too. I’ve been reading all afternoon.† He picked up a stack of books and began to shuffle through them, reading the titles and handing each to her in turn. â€Å"A Reader’s Guide to Vampirism; Vampire Myths and Legends; Those That Stalk the Night – kind of an ominous title, huh?† She held the books as if they were made of wormy fruit. The covers depicted monstrous creatures rising from coffins, attacking women in various states of undress, and hanging around castles perched on barren mountains. The letters in the titles dripped blood. â€Å"These are all about vampires?† â€Å"That’s just the nonfiction that they had on hand. I ordered a bunch more through the library exchange. Check out some of the fiction.† He picked up another stack from the floor. â€Å"A Feast of Blood; Red Thirst; Fangs; Dracula; Dracula’s Dream; Dracula’s Legacy; Fevre Dream; The Vampire Lestat – there must have been a hundred novels.† Jody, a little overwhelmed, stared at the books. â€Å"There seems to be a theme here on the covers.† â€Å"Yeah,† Tommy said. â€Å"Vampires seem to have an affinity for lingerie. Do you have any particular craving for sexy nightgowns?† â€Å"Not really.† Jody had always thought it a little silly to spend a lot of money on something that you only put on long enough for someone to take it off you. Evidently, though, if you went by these book covers, vampires looked at lingerie as garnish. â€Å"Okay,† Tommy said, picking up a notebook from the floor and making a check mark. â€Å"No lingerie fetish. I’ve made a list of vampire traits with boxes to check either ‘fact’ or ‘fiction. Since you missed the lecture, I guess we’ll have to just test them.† â€Å"What lecture?† Tommy put down his pen and looked at her as if she’d gotten into the express lane with a cartful of groceries and a two-party check. â€Å"Everybody knows that there’s always an orientation lecture in vampire books. Usually it comes from some old professor guy with an accent, but sometimes it’s another vampire. You obviously missed the lecture.† â€Å"I guess so,† Jody said. â€Å"I must have been busy chasing women in lingerie.† â€Å"That’s okay,† Tommy said, returning to the list. â€Å"Obviously you don’t have to sleep in your native soil.† He checked it off. â€Å"And we know that everyone you bite doesn’t necessarily turn into a vampire.† â€Å"No, a jerk, maybe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Whatever,† Tommy said, moving on in the list. â€Å"Okay, sunlight is bad for you.† He made a check mark. â€Å"You can enter a house without being invited. How about running water?† â€Å"What about it?† â€Å"Vampires aren’t supposed to be able to cross running water. Have you tried crossing any running water?† â€Å"I’ve taken a couple of showers.† â€Å"Then that would be fiction. Let me smell your breath.† He bent close to her. She turned her head and shielded her mouth. â€Å"Tommy, I just woke up. Let me brush my teeth first.† â€Å"Vampires are supposed to have the ‘fetid breath of a predator, or, in some cases, ‘breath like the rotting smell of the charnel house. C’mon, give us a whiff.† Jody reluctantly breathed in his face. He sat up and considered the list. â€Å"Well? â€Å"she asked. â€Å"I’m thinking. I need to get the dictionary out of my suitcase.† â€Å"What for?† â€Å"I’m not sure what a charnel house is.† â€Å"Can I brush my teeth while you look?† â€Å"No, wait, I might need another whiff.† He went to his suitcase and dug out the dictionary. While he looked up â€Å"charnel house,† Jody cupped her hand and smelled her own breath. It was pretty foul. â€Å"Here it is,† he said, putting his finger on the word. â€Å"‘Noun. A mausoleum or morgue. A structure where corpses are buried or stored. See morning breath! I guess that we check ‘fact’ on that one.† â€Å"Can I brush my teeth now?† â€Å"Sure. Are you going to shower?† â€Å"I’d like to. Why?† â€Å"Can I help? I mean, you’re much more attractive when you’re not room temperature.† She smiled. â€Å"You really know how to charm a girl.† She got out of bed and went into the bathroom. Tommy waited on the bed. â€Å"Well, come on,† she said as she turned on the water. â€Å"Sorry,† he said, leaping to his feet and wrestling out of his shirt. She stopped him at the bathroom door with a firm hand on the chest. â€Å"One second, mister. I have a question for you.† â€Å"Shoot.† â€Å"Men are pigs: fact or fiction?† â€Å"Fact!† Tommy shouted. â€Å"Correct! You win!† She leaped into his arms and kissed him. Chapter 17 This Month’s Makeover: The Faces of Fear Simon McQueen had once climbed onto the back of a ton of pissed-off beef named Muffin and been promptly stomped into mush in front of an amazed rodeo crowd, and still managed to pinch the bottom of a female paramedic as he was carried away on a stretcher, singing a garbled version of â€Å"I’ve Got Friends in Low Places.† Simon McQueen had once picked a fight with a gang of skinheads and managed to render three of them unconscious before a knife in the stomach and a jackboot to the head rendered him helpless. Simon had jumped out of an airplane, fallen off the roof of a Lutheran church, run over a police car in his pickup truck, smuggled a thousand pounds of marijuana across the border from Mexico inside a stuffed cow, and swum halfway to Alcatraz Island on a dare before the Coast Guard fished him out of the bay and revived him. Simon had done all these things without the slightest tic of fear. But tonight, laid out across register 3 in his skintight Wranglers and his e ndangered-species Tony Lama boots with the silver spurs, his black Stetson pulled down over his face, Simon McQueen was frightened. Frightened that one of his two great secrets was about to become known. The other Animals were sharing tales of their weekend adventures, exaggerating aspects of binges and babes, while Glint professed to God that they knew not what they did. Simon sat up, pushed back his Stetson, and said, â€Å"Y’all wouldn’t know a piece of ass if it sloshed upside your head.† The Animals fell silent, each trying to formulate a new and exciting way to tell Simon to fuck off, when Tommy came through the door. â€Å"Fearless Leader!† Lash exclaimed. Tommy grinned and faked a tap-dance step. â€Å"Gentlemen,† he said. â€Å"I have reached out and touched the face of God – film at eleven.† Simon was wildly irritated by this added distraction from his worrying. â€Å"What happened, you go down to Castro Street and get converted?† Tommy waved the comment away. â€Å"No, Sime – I can call you Sime, can’t I? You see, last night, about this time† – he checked his watch – â€Å"there was a naked redhead hanging from the ceiling of my new loft, reading Kerouac aloud to me. If I die now, it was not all in vain. I’m ready to throw stock. How’s the truck?† â€Å"A big one,† Troy Lee answered. â€Å"Three thousand cases. But the bitch is, the scanner is broken. We have to use the order books.† Troy’s comment jabbed Simon like bad gas pain. He considered going home sick, but without his help the Animals would never be able to finish the truck before morning. A lump of fear rose in his throat. He couldn’t use the order books. Simon McQueen couldn’t read. â€Å"Let’s get to it then,† Tommy said. The Animals threw themselves into their work with an abandon they usually reserved for partying. Razor box-cutters whizzed, price guns clicked, and cardboard piled up in shoulder-high drifts at the ends of the aisles. In addition to throwing the extra-large load, they had to allow an extra hour to write their stock orders. Normally the orders were done with a bar-code scanner, but with the scanner down, each man would have to go through a huge loose-leaf order book, writing in items by hand. By 5 A.M. they had most of the stock on the shelves and Simon McQueen was considering letting his box-cutter slip and cutting his leg so he could escape to the emergency room. But that might reveal a secret worse than illiteracy. Tommy came into Simon’s aisle carrying the order book. â€Å"You better get started, Sime.† He held out the book and a pencil. â€Å"I still got a hundred cases to throw,† Simon said, not looking up. â€Å"Let someone else start.† â€Å"No, you’ve got the biggest section. Go ahead.† Tommy bumped Simon on the shoulder with the book. Simon looked up, then dropped his cutter and slowly took the book from Tommy. He opened the book and stared at the page, then at the shelf, then at the book. Tommy said, â€Å"Order light on the juices, we’ve got a lot of stock in the back room.† Simon nodded and looked at the book, then at the shelf of vegetables before him. Tommy said, â€Å"You’re on the wrong page, Simon.† â€Å"I know,† Simon snapped. â€Å"I’m just finding my place.† He flipped through the pages, then stopped on a page of cake mixes and began looking at the shelf of vegetables. He could feel Tommy’s gaze on him and wished that the skinny-little-faggot-book-reading-prick-bastard would just go away and leave him alone. â€Å"Simon.† Simon looked up, his eyes pleading. â€Å"Give me the book,† Tommy said. â€Å"I think I’m going to order everybody’s section tonight. It’ll give you guys more time to throw stock and I need to get more familiar with the store anyway.† â€Å"I can do it,† Simon said. â€Å"I know,† Tommy said, taking the book. â€Å"But why waste your talent on this bullshit?† As Tommy walked away, Simon took his first deep breath of the night. â€Å"Flood,† he called, â€Å"I’m buying the beers after shift.† Tommy didn’t look back. â€Å"I know,† he said. Jody stood by the window in the dark loft watching the sleeping bum who lay on the sidewalk across the street and cursing under her breath. Go away, you bastard, she thought. Even as she thought it, she felt a measure of security in knowing exactly where her enemy was. As long as he lay on the sidewalk, Tommy was safe at the grocery store. She had never felt the need to protect someone before. She had always been the one looking for protection, for a strong arm to lean on. Now she was the strong arm, at least when the sun was down. She had walked Tommy down the steps and waited with him until the cab arrived to take him to work. As she watched the cab pull away, she thought, This must be how my mother felt when she put me on the school bus that first time – except that Tommy doesn’t have a Barbie lunch box. She kept an eye on the vampire lying on the sidewalk across the street. Hours passed at the window and she asked the same questions over and over again, coming up with no solution to her problem, and no logic to the vampire’s behavior. What did he want? Why had he killed the old woman and left her in the dumpster? Was he trying to frighten her, threaten her, or was there some kind of message to it all? â€Å"You’re not immortal. You can still be killed.† If he was going to kill her, why didn’t he just do it? Why pretend to be a sleeping bum, watching her, waiting? He has to find shelter before daylight. If I can just outlast him, maybe†¦ Maybe what? I can’t follow him or I’ll be caught in the sunlight too. She went to the bedroom and dug the almanac Tommy had given her out of her backpack. The sun would rise at 6:12 A.M. She checked her watch. She had an hour. She waited at the window until six o’clock, then headed out of the loft to confront the vampire. As she went through the door she instinctively reached out to click off the lights, only to realize that she hadn’t turned any on. If I live through this, she thought, I’m going to save a fortune on utilities. She left the door at the top of the stairs unlocked, then went down the steps and propped the big fire door open with a soda can she found on the landing. She might have to get back in fast, and she didn’t want to be slowed down by keys and locks. Her muscles buzzed as she approached the vampire, the fight-or-flee instinct running through her like liquid lightning. A few feet away she picked up a foul smell, a rotting smell coming from the vampire. She stopped and swallowed hard. â€Å"What exactly is it that you want?† she asked. The vampire didn’t move. His face was covered by the high collar of his overcoat. She took another step forward. â€Å"What am I supposed to be doing?† The smell was stronger now. She concentrated on the vampire’s hands, trying to sense some movement that would warn her of an attack. There was none. â€Å"Answer me!† she demanded. She stepped up and pulled the collar away from his face. She saw the glazed eyes and a bone jutting from the neck just as a hand clamped across her face and jerked her back off her feet. She tried to reach behind her to claw her attacker’s face but he jerked her to the side. She opened her mouth to scream and two of his fingers slipped into her mouth. She bit down hard. There was a scream and she was free. She wheeled on her attacker, ready to fight, his severed fingers still in her mouth. The vampire stood before her, cradling his bloody hand. â€Å"Bitch,† he said. Then he grinned. Jody swallowed his fingers and hissed at him. â€Å"Fuck you, asshole. Come on.† She fell into a crouch and waved him on. The vampire was still grinning. â€Å"The taste of vampire blood has made you brave, fledgling. Don’t take it too far.† His hand had stopped spurting blood and was scabbing over as she watched. â€Å"What do you want?† The vampire looked at the sky, which was turning pink, threatening dawn. â€Å"Right now I want to find a place to sleep,† he said too calmly. He ripped the scab from his fingers and slung a spray of blood in her face. â€Å"Until we meet again, my love.† He wheeled and ran across the street into an alley. Jody stood watching and shaking with the need for a fight. She turned and looked at the dead bum: the decoy. She couldn’t leave him here to attract police – not this close to the loft. She glanced at the lightening sky, then hoisted the dead bum onto her back and headed back to the loft. Tommy ran up the stairs and burst into the loft eager to share his discovery about Simon’s illiteracy, but once through the door, he was knocked back by a stinging rotten odor like bloated roadkill. What’s she done now? he thought. He opened the windows to air the place out and went to the bedroom, careful to open the door just wide enough to slip through without spilling sunlight on the bed. The smell was much stronger here and he gagged as he turned on the light. Jody was lying on the bed with the electric blanket pulled up to her neck. Dried blood was crusted over her face. A wiggling wave of the willies ran up Tommy’s spine, stronger than any he had felt since his father had first told him the secret of ball-park hot dogs. (â€Å"Snouts and butt holes,† Dad had said, during the seventh-inning stretch. â€Å"I’ve got the willies,† said Tommy.) There was a note on the pillow by Jody’s head. Tommy crept forward and snatched it off the pillow, then backpedaled to the door to read it. Tommy, Sorry I’m such a mess. It’s almost dawn and I don’t want to get stuck in the shower. I’ll explain tonight. Call Sears and have them deliver the largest chest freezer that they have. There’s money in my backpack. I missed you last night. Love, Jody Tommy backed out of the room. Chapter 18 Bugeater of the Barbary Coast Tommy woke up on the futon feeling as if he had been through a two-day battle. The loft was dark but for the streetlights spilling through the windows and he could hear Jody running the shower in the other room. The new freezer was humming away in the kitchen. He rolled off the futon and groaned. His muscles creaked like rusty hinges and his head felt as if it were stuffed with cotton – like a low-grade hangover – not from the few beers he had shared with the Animals after work, but from the verbal beating he had taken from the appliance salesman at Sears. The salesman, a round hypertensive named Lloyd, who wore the last extant leisure suit on the planet (powder blue with navy piping), had begun his assault with a five-minute lament on the disappearance of double knits (as if a concerted effort by a Greenpeace team in white vinyl shoes and gold chains might bring double knits back from the brink of extinction), then segued into a half-hour lecture on the tragedies visited on those poor souls who failed to purchase extended warranties on their Kenmore Freezemasters. â€Å"And so,† Lloyd concluded, â€Å"he not only lost his job, his home, and his family, but that frozen food that could have saved the children at the orphanage spoiled, all because he tried to save eighty-seven dollars.† â€Å"I’ll take it,† Tommy said. â€Å"I’ll take the longest warranty you have.† Lloyd laid a fatherly hand on Tommy’s shoulder. â€Å"You won’t regret this, son. I’m not one for high pressure myself, but the guys that sell these warranties after delivery are like the Mafia – they’ll call you at all hours, they’ll hound you, they’ll find you wherever you go and they will ruin your life if you don’t give in. I once sold a microwave to a man who woke up with a horse’s head in his bed.† â€Å"Please,† Tommy begged, â€Å"I’ll sign anything, but they have to deliver it right now. Okay?† Lloyd pumped Tommy’s hand to start the flow of cash. â€Å"Welcome to better living through frozen food.† Tommy sat up on the futon and looked at the behemoth freezer that was humming in the half-light of the kitchen. Why? he thought. Why did I buy it? Why did she want it? I didn’t even ask for an explanation from her, I just blindly followed her instructions. I’m a slave, like Renfield in Dracula. How long before I start eating bugs and howling at night? He got up and walked, in his underwear and one sock, into the bedroom; the smell of decay was strong enough to make him gag. It was the smell that had driven him to sleep on the futon in the living room rather than crawl into bed with Jody. He’d fallen asleep reading Bram Stoker’s Dracula to get some perspective on the love of his life. She’s the devil, he thought, staring at the steam creeping out from under the bathroom door. â€Å"Jody, is that you?† he asked the steam. The steam just crept. â€Å"I’m in the shower,† Jody said from the shower. â€Å"Come on in.† Tommy went to the bathroom and opened the door. â€Å"Jody, we need to talk.† The bathroom was thick with steam – he could barely make out the shower doors. â€Å"Close the door; it smells in there.† Tommy moved closer to the shower. â€Å"I’m worried about the way things are going,† he said. â€Å"Did you get the freezer?† â€Å"Yes, that’s part of what I wanted to talk to you about.† â€Å"You got the biggest one they had, right?† â€Å"Yes, and a ten-year extended-service agreement.† â€Å"And it’s a chest model, not an upright?† â€Å"Yes, dammit, but Jody, you didn’t even tell me why I was buying it and I just did it. Since I met you, it’s like I have no will of my own. I’ve been sleeping all day. I’m not doing any writing. I hardly even see daylight anymore.† â€Å"Tommy, you work midnight to eight. When do you think you would sleep?† â€Å"Don’t twist my words. I will not eat bugs for you.† She’s the devil, he thought. â€Å"Will you do my back?† She slid the shower door open and Tommy was transfixed by the water cascading between her breasts. â€Å"Well?† she said, cocking a hip. Tommy slipped out of his briefs, pulled off his sock, and stepped into the shower. â€Å"Okay, but I’m not eating any bugs.† After a mad naked dash through the bedroom they sat on the futon toweling off and looking at the new freezer. â€Å"It certainly is large,† Jody said. â€Å"I bought a dozen TV dinners so it wouldn’t look so empty.† Jody said, â€Å"You’ll have to take them out; put them in the regular fridge.† â€Å"Why? I don’t think they’ll fit.† â€Å"I know, but I have something to put in there and I don’t think you’ll want your TV dinners in there with it.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"Well, you know that bad smell in the bedroom?† â€Å"I was going to mention that. What is it?† â€Å"It’s a body.† â€Å"You killed someone?† Tommy slid away from her on the futon. â€Å"No, I didn’t kill anyone. Let me explain.† She told him about the bum, about creeping up on him thinking he was the vampire, and of the battle that ensued. Tommy said, â€Å"Do you think he was trying to kill you?† â€Å"I don’t think so. It’s as if he wants to show me how superior he is or something. Like he’s testing me.† â€Å"So you bit off his fingers?† â€Å"I didn’t know what else to do.† â€Å"What was it like?† â€Å"Honestly?† â€Å"Of course?† â€Å"It was a rush. It was an incredible rush.† â€Å"Better than drinking my blood?† â€Å"Different.† Tommy turned his back on her and began to pout. Jody moved to him and kissed his ear. â€Å"It was a fight, Tommy. I didn’t come or anything, but I swear, I felt stronger after I†¦ after I swallowed.† â€Å"So that’s why you were all crusty with blood when I got home?† â€Å"Yes, it was almost dawn when I got the body upstairs.† â€Å"That’s another thing,† Tommy said. â€Å"Why did you bring that stinky thing up here?† â€Å"The police already found one body at the motel, and they have my name. Now they find another that was killed in the same way right next to where we live. I don’t think they’d understand.† â€Å"So we’re going to keep it in the freezer?† â€Å"Just until I figure out what to do with him.† â€Å"I’m not comfortable with you calling it ‘him. ; â€Å"Just until I figure out what to do with it, then.† â€Å"There’s a big bay out there.† â€Å"And how would you suggest that we get it down there without being seen?† â€Å"I’ll think about it.† Jody stood, wrapped a towel around herself, and walked back to the bedroom. â€Å"I’m going to put it in now; you might want to transfer your TV dinners.† She paused at the door. â€Å"And I’m out of clean clothes. You’re going to need to go to the Laundromat.† â€Å"Why don’t you go?† Jody regarded him gravely. â€Å"Tommy, you know I can’t go out during the day.† â€Å"Oh no,† Tommy said. â€Å"Don’t pull that. I don’t know of a single Laundromat that’s not open all night. Besides, I can’t be your slave full-time. I have to have some time to get some writing done. And I might be taking on a student.† â€Å"What kind of student?† â€Å"A guy at work – Simon – he can’t read. I’m going to offer to teach him.† â€Å"That’s sweet of you,† Jody said. She shook her hair out, let her towel fall to the floor, and struck a centerfold pose. â€Å"Are you sure you don’t want to do the laundry?† â€Å"No way. You have no power over me.† â€Å"Are you sure?† She licked her lips sensually. â€Å"That’s not what you said in the shower.† I will resist her evil, Tommy thought. I will not give in. He stood and started gathering his clothes. â€Å"Don’t you have a body to move?† â€Å"All right then,† Jody snapped. â€Å"I’ll do the laundry while you’re at work tonight.† She turned and went into the bedroom. â€Å"Good. I’ll be out here looking for some tasty bugs,† Tommy whispered to himself. Midnight found Jody trudging down the steps with a trash bag full of laundry slung across her back. As she stepped onto the sidewalk and turned to lock the door she realized that she hadn’t the slightest idea where to find a Laundromat in this neighborhood. The rolling steel door to the foundry was open and the two burly sculptors were working inside, bracing a man-sized plaster mold for pouring. She considered asking them for directions, but thought it might be better to wait and meet them when she was with Tommy. The interior of the foundry was glowing red with the heat from the molten bronze in the crucible, making it appear to her heat-sensitive vision like hell’s own studio. She stood for a moment watching waves of heat spill out the top of the door, to swirl and dissipate in the night sky like dying paisley ghosts. She wanted to turn to someone and share the experience, but of course there was no one, and if there had been, they wouldn’t have been able to see what she saw. She thought, In the kingdom of the blind, a one-eyed man can get pretty lonely. She sighed heavily and was starting toward Market Street when she heard a sharp staccato tapping of toenails at her heels. She dropped the laundry and wheeled around. A Boston terrier growled and snorted at her, then backed away a few feet and fell into a yapping fit that bordered on canine apoplexy, his bug eyes threatening to pop out of his head. â€Å"Bummer, stop that!† came a shout from the corner. Jody looked up to see a grizzled old man in an overcoat coming toward her wearing a saucepan on his head and carrying a wickedly pointed wooden sword. A golden retriever trotted along beside him, a smaller saucepan strapped to his head and two garbage-can lids strapped to his sides, giving the impression of a compact furry Viking ship. â€Å"Bummer, come back here.† The little dog backed away a few more steps, then turned and ran back to the man. Jody noticed that the little dog had a miniature pie pan strapped over his ears with a rubber band. The old man picked up the terrier in his free hand and trotted up to Jody. â€Å"I’m very sorry,† he said. â€Å"The troops are girded for battle, but I fear they are a bit too eager to engage. Are you all right?† Jody smiled. â€Å"I’m fine. Just a little startled.† The old man bowed. â€Å"Allow me to introduce myself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You’re the Emperor, aren’t you?† Jody had been in the City for five years. She’d heard about the Emperor, but she’d only seen him from a distance. â€Å"At your service,† said the Emperor. The terrier growled suspiciously and the Emperor shoved the little dog, head first, into the oversized pocket of his overcoat, then buttoned the flap. Muffled growls emanated from the pocket. â€Å"I apologize for my charge. He’s long on courage, but rather short on manners. This is Lazarus.† Jody nodded to the retriever, who let out a slight growl and backed away a step. The garbage-can lids rattled on the sidewalk. â€Å"Hi. I’m Jody. Pleased to meet you.† â€Å"I hope you will forgive my presumption,† the Emperor said, â€Å"but I don’t think it’s safe for a young woman to be out on the street at night. Particularly in this neighborhood.† â€Å"Why this neighborhood?† The Emperor moved closer and whispered. â€Å"I’m sure that you’ve noticed that the men and I are dressed for battle. We are hunting a vicious, murdering fiend that has been stalking the City. I don’t mean to alarm you, but we last saw him on this very street. In fact, he killed a friend of mine right across the street not two nights ago.† â€Å"You saw him?† Jody asked. â€Å"Did you call the police?† â€Å"The police will be of no help,† the Emperor said. â€Å"This is not the run-of-the-mill scoundrel that we are used to in the City. He’s a vampire.† The Emperor lifted his wooden sword and tested the point against the tip of his finger. Jody was shaken. She tried to calm herself, but the fear showed on her face. â€Å"I’ve frightened you,† the Emperor said. â€Å"No – no, I’m fine. It’s just†¦ Your Majesty, there are no such things as vampires.† â€Å"As you wish,† the Emperor said. â€Å"But I think it would be prudent for you to wait until daylight to do your business.† â€Å"I need to do my laundry or I won’t have any clean clothes for tomorrow.† â€Å"Then allow us to escort you.† â€Å"No, really, Your Majesty, I’ll be fine. By the way, where is the nearest Laundromat?† â€Å"There is one not far from here, but it’s in the Tenderloin. Even during the day you wouldn’t be safe alone. I really must insist that you wait, my dear. Perhaps by then we will have exterminated the fiend.† â€Å"Well,† Jody said, â€Å"if you insist. This is my apartment, right here.† She dug the key out of her jeans and opened the door. She turned back to the Emperor. â€Å"Thank you.† â€Å"Safety first,† the Emperor said. â€Å"Sleep well.† The little dog growled in his pocket. Jody went inside and closed the door, then waited until she heard the Emperor walk away. She waited another five minutes and went back onto the street. She shouldered the laundry and headed toward the Tenderloin, thinking, This is great. How long before the police actually listen to the Emperor? Tommy and I are going to have to move and we haven’t even decorated yet. And I hate doing laundry. I hate it. I’m sending our laundry out if Tommy won’t do it. And we’re going to have a cleaning lady – some nice, dependable woman who will come in after dark. And I’m not buying toilet paper. I don’t use it and I’m not going to buy it. And something has to be done about this asshole vampire. God, I hate doing laundry. She had gone two blocks when a man stepped out of a doorway in front of her. â€Å"Hey momma, you need some help.† She jumped in his face and shouted, â€Å"Fuck off, horndog!† with such viciousness that he screamed and leaped back into the doorway, then meekly called  «Sorry » after her as she passed. She thought, I’m not sorting. It all goes in warm. I don’t care if the whites do go gray; I’m not sorting. And how do I know how to get out bloodstains? Who am I? Miss Household Hints? God, I hate laundry. The clothes jumped and played and dived over each other like fabric dolphins. Jody sat on a folding table across from the dryer watching the show and thinking about the Emperor’s warning. He’d said, â€Å"I don’t think it’s safe for a young woman to be out on the street at night.† Jody agreed. Not long ago she would have been terrified if she’d found herself in the Tenderloin at night. She couldn’t even remember coming down here during the day. Where had that fear gone? What had happened to her that she could face off with a vampire, bite off his fingers, and carry a dead body up a flight of stairs and shove it under the bed without even a flinch? Where was the fear and loathing? She didn’t miss it, she just wondered what had happened to it. It wasn’t as if she were without fear. She was afraid of daylight, afraid of the police discovering her, and of Tommy rejecting her and leaving her alone. New fears and familiar fears, but there was nothing in the dark that frightened her, not the future, not even the old vampire – and she knew now, having tasted his blood, that he was old, very old. She saw him as an enemy, and her mind casted for strategies to defeat him, but she was not really afraid of him anymore: curious, but not afraid. The dryer stopped-fabric dolphins dropped and died as if caught in tuna nets. Jody jumped off the table, opened the dryer, and was feeling the clothes for dampness when she heard footsteps on the sidewalk outside the Laundromat. She turned to see the tall black man she had chased into the doorway coming into the Laundromat, followed by two shorter men. All three wore silver L.A. Raiders jackets, high-top shoes, and evil grins. Jody turned back to the dryer and started stuffing her clothes into the trash bag. She thought, I should be folding these. â€Å"Yo, bitch,† the tall man said. Jody looked to the back of the Laundromat. The only door was in the front, behind the three men. She turned and looked up at them. â€Å"How about those Raiders?† she said with a smile. She felt a pressure in the roof of her mouth: the fangs extending. The three men split up and moved around the folding table to surround her. In another life, this had been her worst nightmare. In this life she just smiled as two of them grabbed her arms from behind. She saw a bead of sweat on the tall man’s temple as he approached her and reached out to tear the front of her shirt. She ripped her right arm loose and caught the tall man’s wrist as the sweat bead began to drip. She snapped his forearm and bones splintered though skin and muscle as she swung him, headfirst, through the glass door of the dryer. She reached over her shoulder and grabbed one of the Raider fans by the hair and smashed his face into the floor, then wheeled on her last attacker and shoved him back into the edge of the folding table, snapping his spine just above the hips and sending him spinning backward over a deck of washing machines. The bead of sweat hit the floor near the man with the smashed face. Amid the hum of fluorescent lights and the moans of the man with the broken back, Jody loaded the rest of her laundry into the trash bag. She thought, This stuff is going to be nothing but wrinkles by the time I get home. Tommy’s doing the laundry next time. As she reached the door she ran her tongue over her teeth and was relieved to find her fangs had retracted. She looked over her shoulder at the carnage and shouted, â€Å"Forty-fucking-Niners!† The man with the broken back moaned. How to cite Bloodsucking Fiends: A Love Story Chapter 16~18, Essay examples

Arthur Conan Doyle Essay Example For Students

Arthur Conan Doyle Essay Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is an extremely famous writer and IS the first great detective writer; he has become most famous from the Sherlock Holmes Master Detective Stories, these Sherlock Holmes stories were written at the end of the eighteen hundreds and were very popular. Each story consisted of Sherlock getting approached by a person needing his help to solve a crime; Sherlock would solve crimes by analysis the crime scene and also collecting clues and piecing events together from other important locations. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle has also written books like the Hound of the Baskervilles. Plot Summary: The Speckled Band Sherlock was approached by a lady called Helen Stoner at his office in Baker Street and she explains her situation: she explains to Sherlock about her sisters suspicious death two weeks before she was to get married and how her sisters last word were speckled band, and also that her mum; who has passed away, left money with her step dad Dr Grimesly Roylett which was to be given to them when they get married. She also explains that now she is in the same situation; she explains how she has been moved into her sisters room after her step dad has made a hole in her wall for no reason, and further more she is getting married soon. To gather a bigger picture Sherlock goes to the decaying mansion and searches Helen, Julia and Royletts rooms, Sherlock gathers clues and comes to the conclusion but will not share with Helen. Sherlock sets up a plan for that night and asks Helen to signal when her step dad is in bed and asleep and to leave the window to her sisters room open so he is able to climb in. Holmes and Watson sit in the room and soon Roylett is awake and is sending a snake through the vent and down the dummy bell rope by Helens bed, but Sherlock strikes a match and hits the snake which retreats back through the vent and bites Roylett. Sherlock rushed into Royletts room and finds him dead with a speckled band around his head. In this essay I will be writing about how Sir Arthur Conan Doyle builds up suspense in the story The Speckled Band. The dictionary explains suspense as a state or feeling of anxious uncertainty while awaiting news or event. In a story there are five different elements which can be used to build up suspense; these elements are: The Creation Of An Environment Of Danger, this is where the writer place characters from his story in dangerous situations, for example the character maybe placed in a dark creepy mansion with only the flashes of lightning from the storm to find there way around.

Social, Economic and Political Conditions of a Slovak Immigrant Group Change from the 1880s to the 1930s

At the turn of the 19th century, several Slovak and other East European immigrant groups fled their native homelands in Europe to begin a new life in America. â€Å"Out of this Furnace† by Thomas Bell, set against the backdrop of the thriving steel mills of Pennsylvania, documents the great social upheavals experienced by one such Slovak family – the Dobrejcaks, across three generations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social, Economic and Political Conditions of a Slovak Immigrant Group Change from the 1880’s to the 1930’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Throughout the book’s narrative, the protagonists undergo extreme hardships in eking out a minimal existence in the newly-evolving industrial society shaping up in Pennsylvania and other North-Eastern states. It was not until the 1930’s and the third generation of Dobrejcaks, that they acquired enough grit and determina tion to fight for justice, and their civil rights. In this thesis, it will be argued that only by organizing successful trade unions against greedy capitalist steel mill owners, did these immigrant groups truly succeed in their efforts to assimilate into the American way of life. The trials and tribulations experienced by the countless workers at those labor unions, and their families has set the stage for successive immigrant assimilation stories over the decades. The plot begins with the narrative of Djuro Kracha, a newly-arrived immigrant from Austria Hungary (corresponding to present day Slovakia) who walks all the way from New York to White Haven (after splurging all his train fare money on buying whiskey for a married woman called Zuska whom he fancies). Like other immigrants, Kracha is looking for good fortune and wealth in his adopted homeland. His dreams are clearly evident as: â€Å"Kracha’s story of his walk from New York was a nine days’ wonder. The first time he told it he had Francka watching him, listening to every  word, and he was shrewd enough to keep it simple. When he came out of Castle Garden his money was in his pocket; when he reached the ferry house and wanted to pay for his  ticket  it was gone. Kracha spread his hands. There it was. He had given the problem a lot of thinking without getting anywhere, his manner implied, and now he was prepared to hear their speculations,† (Part 1, Chapter 3, 11). Kracha soon befriends another Slovak immigrant, Dubik who helps him get over his initial troubles to settle down, and find a job in the burgeoning steel mills of Braddock, Pennyslvania. Dubik finds employment with Andrew Carnegie steel mills. This is where the first generation story about immigrant anguishes commences. â€Å"There are men in that mill who were born here, whose fathers and grandfathers were born here. They know more English than you’ll ever learn. And what good is their vote doing them? They have to work in the mill and eat dirt like any greenhorn. Let me tell you, I’ve been in America enough to know that it’s run just like any other country.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Europe your emperors and grand dukes own everything and over here it’s your millionaires and your trusts. They run the country to suit themselves, and don’t think they’re going to let you interfere every few years with your miserable vote. Get that into your head. Your vote means nothing. The company man always wins. If he isn’t a company man to start with, he becomes one afterward; the millionaires see to that.† (Part 1, Chapter 4, 3) In contrast to Dubik’s constant struggles, Kracha sees some initial success in his adopted homeland and goes on to operate his own butcher shop which helps him earn over a thousand dollars per year. However, as success goes over his head, he again befriends Zuska and continues to lust after her. The immense success and material wealth makes him ignore his responsibilities towards his only wife, Elena who he brought back from Slovakia, but no longer cared for. â€Å"Her poor health, or America, had changed her; Kracha never could decide. He had left her a lively, healthy girl, cheerful as the day was long; now she seldom smiled and went about her.† (Part 1, Chapter 6, 12). The fact that Elena had developed a goiter-like condition upon arrival in America contributed to the growing alienation between the couple. Rumors of Kracha’s purported affair with Zuska saw several of his customers withdraw their patronage from his shop. Over a period of time, he becomes terribly depressed with the turn-out of events and drinks himself to death. Zuska, who rose into prominence in Kracha’s life, soon disappears from the scene and it is evident that for the first generation of this fictionalized Slovak immigrant group, their life story is steeped in a constant predicament of failure and frustration. For the second generation of this immigrant family, the story focuses on Mike Dobrejcak, who marries Mary, the daughter of Krasa and Elena. Unlike his father-in-law, Mike remains faithful to his wife and is shown much more assimilated into American society. He speaks English fluently, registers as a Republican and fights for political freedom and voting rights on behalf of worker unions who produced the steel that created the Brooklyn bridge, but were usually discouraged from exercising their franchise. In this context, the reader is introduced to the growing discontent experienced by the immigrant class of workers against their employers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social, Economic and Political Conditions of a Slovak Immigrant Group Change from the 1880’s to the 1930’s specifically for you for only $16. 05 $11/page Learn More The increasing economic disparity and lack of social progress for immigrants was already boiling into a major issue. When the Spanish Influenza struck in 1918, many people in the immigrant slums including Mary Dobrejcak started succumbing to this illness, got removed to a sanatorium and saw their entire lives being ruined, without the greedy steel mill employers caring one bit for their health and livelihoods. In the last part of the story, George Dobrejcak, the son of Mary, joins an immigrant labor union to agitate for the common rights of all immigrant workers of East European background. Being a third-generation American, George has enough voice to harshly denounce the ill treatment experienced by his fellow workers at the hands of greedy capitalists. He soon recruits several other labor unionists from his background and eventually, becomes the assistant director of his labor union. George’s feelings on the rising labor union sentiment are expressed as under: â€Å"It was the way you thought and felt about certain things. About freedom of speech and the equality of men and the importance of having one law — the same law — for rich and poor, for the people you liked and the people you didn’t like. About the right of every man to live his life as he thought best, his right to defend it if anyone tried to change it and his right to change it himself if he decided he liked some other way of living better. About the uses to which wealth and power could honorably be put, and about honor itself, honor, integrity, self-respect, the whatever-you-wanted-to-call-it that determined for a man which things he couldn’t say or do under any circumstances, not for all the money there was, not even to help his side win.† (Part 4, Chapter 3, 20). In conclusion, it may well be argued that over a period of three generations, the Dobrejcaks managed to successfully assimilate into American society only after they had acquired enough resolve to fight for their social justice, voting and civil rights. The fictionalized account of their success matters a lot because it can serve as an inspirational tale for hundreds of thousands of newly-arrived immigrants, who currently find themselves at the bottom of the barrel in a â€Å"land of opportunity†, while carrying on with aspirations for social progress and upward mobility. Successful assimilation is all about learning to fight for one’s rights.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Bell, Thomas. Out of This Furnace: A Novel of Immigrant Labor in America. University of Pittsburgh Press: Pittsburg, PA, 1976. This essay on Social, Economic and Political Conditions of a Slovak Immigrant Group Change from the 1880’s to the 1930’s was written and submitted by user Maddox Chen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Conquistador and Explorer

Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Balboa, Conquistador and Explorer Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Balboa (1475–1519) was a Spanish conquistador, explorer, and administrator. He is best known for leading the first European expedition to sight the Pacific Ocean, or the South Sea as he referred to it. He is still remembered and venerated in Panama as a heroic explorer. Fast Facts: Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Balboa Known For: First European sighting of the Pacific Ocean and colonial governance in what is now PanamaBorn: 1475 in Jerà ©z de los Caballeros, Extremadura province, CastileParents: Differing historical accounts of parents names: his family was noble but no longer wealthySpouse: Marà ­a de Peà ±alosaDied: January 1519 in Acla, near present-day Darià ©n, Panama Early Life Nuà ±ez de Balboa was born into a noble family that was no longer wealthy. His father and mother were both of noble blood in Badajoz, Spain and Vasco was born in Jerà ©z de los Caballeros in 1475. Although noble, Balboa could not hope for much in the way of even a meager inheritance, as he was the third of four sons. All titles and lands were passed to the eldest; younger sons generally went into the military or clergy. Balboa opted for the military, spending time as a page and squire at the local court. America By 1500, word had spread all over Spain and Europe of the wonders of the New World and the fortunes being made there. Young and ambitious, Balboa joined the expedition of Rodrigo de Bastidas in 1500. The expedition was mildly successful in raiding the northeastern coast of South America. In 1502, Balboa landed in Hispaniola with enough money to set himself up with a small pig farm. He was not a very good farmer, however, and by 1509 he was forced to flee his creditors in Santo Domingo. Back to the Darien Balboa stowed away (with his dog) on a ship commanded by Martà ­n Fernndez de Enciso, who was heading to the recently-founded town of San Sebastin de Urab with supplies. He was quickly discovered and Enciso threatened to maroon him, but the charismatic Balboa talked him out of it. When they reached San Sebastin they found that natives had destroyed it. Balboa convinced Enciso and the survivors of San Sebastin (led by Francisco Pizarro) to try again and establish a town, this time in the Darià ©n- a region of dense jungle between present-day Colombia and Panama. Santa Marà ­a la Antigua del Darià ©n The Spaniards landed in the Darià ©n and were quickly beset by a large force of natives under the command of Cà ©maco, a local chieftain. Despite the overwhelming odds, the Spanish prevailed and founded the city of Santa Marà ­a la Antigua de Darià ©n on the site of Cà ©macos old village. Enciso, as ranking officer, was put in charge but the men detested him. Clever and charismatic, Balboa rallied the men behind him and removed Enciso by arguing that the region was not part of the royal charter of Alonso de Ojeda, Encisos master. Balboa was one of two men quickly elected to serve as mayors of the city. Veragua Balboas stratagem of removing Enciso backfired in 1511. It was true that Alonso de Ojeda (and therefore, Enciso) had no legal authority over Santa Marà ­a, which had been founded in an area referred to as Veragua. Veragua was the domain of Diego de Nicuesa, a somewhat unstable Spanish nobleman who had not been heard from in some time. Nicuesa was discovered in the north with a handful of bedraggled survivors from an earlier expedition, and he decided to claim Santa Marà ­a for his own. The colonists preferred Balboa, however, and Nicuesa was not even allowed to go ashore: Indignant, he set sail for Hispaniola but was never heard from again. Governor Balboa was effectively in charge of Veragua at this point and the crown reluctantly decided to simply recognize him as governor. Once his position was official, Balboa quickly began organizing expeditions to explore the region. The local tribes of indigenous natives were not united and were powerless to resist the Spanish, who were better armed and disciplined. The colonizers collected much gold and pearls through their military power, which in turn drew more men to the settlement. They began hearing rumors of a great sea and a rich kingdom to the south. Expedition to the South The narrow strip of land which is Panama and the northern tip of Colombia runs east to west, not north to south as some might suppose. Therefore, when Balboa, along with about 190 Spaniards and a handful of natives, decided to search for this sea in 1513, they headed mostly south, not west. They fought their way through the isthmus, leaving many wounded behind with friendly or conquered chieftains. On September 25, Balboa and a handful of battered Spaniards (Francisco Pizarro was among them) first saw the Pacific Ocean, which they named the â€Å"South Sea.† Balboa waded into the water and claimed the sea for Spain. Pedrarà ­as Dvila The Spanish crown, still with some lingering doubt over whether or not Balboa had correctly handled Enciso, sent a massive fleet to Veragua (now named Castilla de Oro) under the command of veteran soldier Pedrarà ­as Dvila. Fifteen hundred men and women flooded the tiny settlement. Dvila had been named governor to replace Balboa, who accepted the change with good humor, although the colonists still preferred him to Dvila. Dvila proved to be a poor administrator and hundreds of settlers died, mostly those who had sailed with him from Spain. Balboa tried to recruit some men to explore the South Sea without Dvila knowing, but he was found out and arrested. Vasco and Pedrarà ­as Santa Marà ­a had two leaders: officially, Dvila was governor, but Balboa was more popular. They continued to clash until 1517 when it was arranged for Balboa to marry one of Dvila’s daughters. Balboa married Marà ­a de Peà ±alosa despite an obstacle: she was in a convent in Spain at the time and they had to marry by proxy. In fact, she never left the convent. Before long, the rivalry flared up again. Balboa left Santa Marà ­a for the small town of Aclo with 300 of those who still preferred his leadership to that of Dvila. He was successful in establishing a settlement and building some ships. Death Fearing the charismatic Balboa as a potential rival, Dvila decided to get rid of him once and for all. Balboa was arrested by a squad of soldiers led by Francisco Pizarro as he made preparations to explore the Pacific coast of northern South America. He was hauled back to Aclo in chains and quickly tried for treason against the crown: The charge was that he had tried to establish his own independent fiefdom of the South Sea, independent from that of Dvila. Enraged, Balboa shouted out that he was a loyal servant of the crown, but his pleas fell on deaf ears. He was beheaded in January of 1519 along with four of his companions (there are conflicting accounts of the exact date of the execution). Without Balboa, the colony of Santa Marà ­a quickly failed. Where he had cultivated positive ties with local natives for trade, Dvila enslaved them, resulting in short-term economic profit but long-term disaster for the colony. In 1519, Dvila forcibly moved all of the settlers to the Pacific side of the isthmus, founding Panama City, and by 1524 Santa Marà ­a had been razed by angry natives. Legacy The legacy of Vasco Nuà ±ez de Balboa is brighter than that of many of his contemporaries. While many  conquistadors, such as  Pedro de Alvarado,  Hernn Cortà ©s,  and  Pnfilo de Narvaez  are today remembered for cruelty, exploitation, and inhuman treatment of natives, Balboa is remembered as an explorer, fair administrator, and popular governor who made his settlements work. As for relations with natives, Balboa was guilty of his share of atrocities, including enslavement and setting his dogs on homosexual men in one village. In general, however, he is thought to have dealt with his native allies well, treating them with respect and friendship which translated into beneficial trade and food for his settlements. Although he and his men were the first to see the Pacific Ocean while heading west from the New World, it would be  Ferdinand Magellan  who would get the credit for naming it when he rounded the southern tip of South America in 1520. Balboa is best remembered in  Panama, where many streets, businesses, and parks bear his name. There is a stately monument in his honor in Panama City (a district of which bears his name) and the national currency is called the Balboa. There is even a lunar crater named after him. Sources Editors, History.com. â€Å"Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez De Balboa.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 18 Dec. 2009.Thomas, Hugh.  Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan.  Random House, 2005.

Economic Theory of Regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic Theory of Regulation - Essay Example The most known work of Stigler that affects many individuals and groups at present is that of the economic theory of regulation. This theoretical understanding of the major thoughts that has been created to help the society see through the situations mandated as part of the development of the human community creates a knowledgeable knowing on the part of the people's realization as to how they are playing an important role in the society. The economic theory of regulation basically shows how much people are affected by economy. The systems of the society and the rules that are established around the people living in it has long been derived from the many considerable thoughts of the ongoing relationship between social elements as per established through economic connections and demands. The relationship between every person and the groups that creates the entire society is shaped by needs and demands that each needs from the other. Through these demands, the creation of products and services are given way as per mandated through the different provisions allowed by the established legal regulations to exist. The theory of Stiglist suggests the strong implication as to how rules and regulations shape the society's capability of existing in the cause of creating balance among people and groups as established by each one's economic pursuits. In the discussion that follows, a careful understanding of the major issues concerned in understanding Stiglist's implicative theory on microeconomics naturally affect the author of this paper and how the entire idea affects the whole world basically shall be presented to the respective readers of this piece. Through this, the author aims to outline how much regulations of economy have naturally created rules and basic understanding on the roles of existence that each plays to benefit the others. ON Personal Views of the Economy As a regular individual, the author of this paper recognizes the real need to purchase things and get services that are necessary for life. Apparently, there are rules established for such needs and these rules are the ones greatly outlining the values that exist in the human society today. It is through these regulations that the birth of the many systems of economic operations are given way to control the ways by which consumers prefer to have the products that they ought to consume. It is through this that the regulations on how and when people buy what they need is established, and it is through this process that the monetary value of each service and product is identified as part of the demands of the human individuals given way as part of the fact that people and social groups exist for the survival of the other and vice versa. How does this idea affects the author personally Being an ordinary member of the society, the author is basically affected by the theory through becoming highly involved in the process of buying and appreciating products and services offered in the market through the scale of his monetary capability; a regulatory matter that is rather considered as

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies Assignment - 3

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies - Assignment Example According to the research findings there are a number of marketing and branding strategies followed by Tesco. The retail giant provides various schemes to customers with the motive of improving the quality of customer service. The schemes such as, First Class Service Initiative and Loyalty Card, place greater emphasis on the customer delight compared to customer services. These are the finest customer retention strategies utilized by the company. Giving personalized services in a cost effective manner is the key motive of Tesco in order to attract more consumers. Besides that, Tesco has launched a number of magazines to draw the customers’ attention towards the products offered. The magazines published had a unique combination of advertisements and articles related to the offerings. These also served as a means of distributing the promotional coupons.As the paper discusses  the corporate level strategy that is implemented by the Tesco management involves diversification, exp ansion, own brand food promotion, regular technological up-gradation, healthy supplier relation and stakeholder satisfaction.  Tesco has invested in a number of existing stores so as to render those more competitive and modify them as per the customers’ changing expectations. The United Kingdom (UK) based company wants to further expand the business and product lines so as to retain the competitive edge.  Tesco boasts of the guaranteed low prices for quality offerings made to all consumers.

A Report on the Balanced Scorecard for Yunnan Lucky Air

A Report on the Balanced Scorecard for Yunnan Lucky Air The Chinese airline industry is a heavily regulated industry which provides limiting flexibility to both new as well as growing airlines. In the recent years many low-cost airlines have mushroomed, Lucky Air being one of them. Lucky Air was founded in July 2004 with an initial capitalisation of US$2.2 million. The ownership of the airline is with Hainan Airlines, Shanxi Airlines and Yunnan Shilin Tourism Aviation.The airline exists in a crowded field of around 15 low-cost Chinese airlines. The airline, though growing, anticipates a potential squeeze in its business. The management of Yunnan Lucky Air, hereinafter referred to as Lucky Air, approached us to advice them on monitoring their performance closely so as to achieve their organisational mission and objectives. After initial discussions with the management of the airlines, my team has recommended the use of a Balanced Scorecard to monitor its performance. I present in this report a Balanced Scorecard for Lucky Air that translat es the airlines mission and strategy into a comprehensive set of performance measures. Recent Trends in Lucky Air Lucky Air is currently based in Kunming in Peoples Republic of China. The airline has its main base in Dali airport and runs its flights between Dali to Kunming and Xishuangbanna. The routes in this region have greatly contributed to most of its profits. It is slowly reaching out to other regions in China. The overall growth of the airline has been facilitated by the limited route licensing policy of the Chinese government that has given Lucky Air a near monopoly status within Yunnan. The number of passengers carried by the airline has grown from 500,000 passengers over 5,746 flight hours in 2006 to 1.2 million over 17,875 total flight hours. During the same period, its operating revenue tripled from US$31.2 million to US$104.3 million. Over the recent years, Lucky Air has also grown in terms of flights to and from destinations outside the Yunnan province. As in early 2008, the additional routes represented almost 87 of its 150 weekly flights by the airline. Lucky Air Strategy Lucky Air operates as a low-cost, high-efficiency airline. This is the basis of its key strategy. The low-cost and high efficiency is maintained through: Using single type of aircraft leading to reduced maintenance and operational costs. Having only one category of seat class, thereby simplifying pricing. Having no seat assignments or in-flight entertainment. Increasing on-time departure and arrival by having short haul point-to-point routes. Operating mostly in secondary cities to avoid congestion and reduce landing costs. As a part of its expansion strategy, in recent times Lucky Air has tried to build its competitive advantage by focusing on e-commerce. Customers can buy and refund tickets online by paying 5% to 20% less than anywhere else. The airline has created an online community for its passengers and hopes to reach more customers directly via its website and build more brand recognition and a loyal customer base. In addition, Lucky Air has invested in own call centres to facilitate ticket booking. Balance Scorecard for Lucky Air Lucky Airs strategy rests around it being a low-cost, high-efficiency airline. A scorecard can measure the airlines performance across four different but linked perspectives that are derived from its vision, strategy and objectives. These perspectives include: Financial, Customer, Internal and Learning Growth. The left-hand side of the diagram represents the cause-and-effect relationships across the four perspectives that describe low cost and high-efficiency strategy. (Refer Appendix A for an explanation of the Lucky Air Scorecard and Appendix B for Cause and Relationship between perspectives) Benefits and Limitations of the Scorecard Like any other performance measurement tool, a Balanced Scorecard is not foolproof. Before the scorecard that has been designed for Lucky Air is implemented, the benefits and limitations of the scorecard need to be examined and understood. Benefits of Lucky Air Scorecard Balance Scorecard has led companies to develop a variety of corporate scorecards suggesting a process approach to innovations in performance measurements. (Source: Epstein and Birchard, 2000 and Hoque and James 1997). The benefits that can be obtained from a Balanced Scorecard depend on not just its design but also what it is used for and how it is applied. In general, a Balanced Scorecard will help Lucky Air: Enhance traditional financial accounting measures of Lucky Air by including certain non-financial measures. Thus, Lucky Air, through a Balanced Scorecard, can examine the drivers of financial performance by focusing at least three other perspectives: customers, internal business processes, and learning and growth. (Source: Kaplan and Norton, 1992, 1996). Acquire an effective means for clearly translating a firms vision and strategy into tool for communicating the firms strategy to the various sections of the organisation. In the case of Lucky Air, the Balanced Scorecard can show how focusing on the customer and the services can lead to increased profits. (Source: Chow, 1997; Source: Kaplan, 1992) Motivate performance against established strategic goals. A handful of critical measures have been identified for each perspective and the corresponding targets have been defined. The performance measures force managers to focus on the measures that are most critical. The targets provide managers with a framework to manage the various activities in line with the corporate objectives. For example, a manager can clearly see that managing on ground time is critical and it needs to be kept below 20 minutes. Ensure that its employees understand the long-term strategy of the organisation and also the association between the employees actions and the chosen strategic goals. It can provide strategic feedback and promote learning within the airline through the monitoring of short-term strategic results. Allocate resources and set priorities based on the initiatives contribution to long-term strategic objectives. (Source: Kaplan and Norton, 1996). Evaluate and judge the decisions, policies, plans of the airline. For example, the success or otherwise of the decision of adopting e-commerce as an expansion strategy by Lucky Air can be examined in terms of the four perspectives and its impact on the profitability of the airline. Fosters organisational learning and continual improvement when it is used as a strategic management tool. Limitations of Lucky Air Scorecard Though Balanced Scorecard may be an effective tool for many organisations, it may not help in improvement of performance of all organisations. A Balanced Scorecard is only a tool and the deployment of the tool rests with the airline itself. It is not easy to provide practical guidance for deployment of the scorecard. Some of the key limitations that can cause a Balanced Scorecard initiative at Lucky Air to fail are as follows: Effectiveness of a balanced scorecard depends on a well defined strategy and an understanding of the linkages between strategic objectives and metrics. (Source: Howard Rohm pp.4). If this is lacking its deployment will be unsuccessful. The biggest limitation of the Lucky Air scorecard is that it has been designed by an external team of consultants who have been in discussion with some key players in the airline. It did not involve a cross-section of the airline in developing the system. Thus if the scorecard of Lucky Air fails to link the correct drivers in the internal and learning and growth perspective to the desired outcomes in the financial and customer perspectives, it will not be effective. A scorecard may not be effective if it includes a few measures for each perspective. For example, success of Lucky Air is not only a result of the training and motivation of the ground crew but the entire staff. Thus a scorecard with too few measures may not depict enough of Lucky Airs strategy and does not represent a balance between desired outcomes and performance drivers of the outcomes. Likewise if too many measures are included, the managers attention may get so diffused that he may pay insufficient attention to those measures that can make the maximum impact. No balanced scorecard can be flawless with respect to its design. The Lucky Air scorecard too may have certain design flaws which may not be visible now. These will only be detected when the scorecard is implemented. It is only over a period of time that a company will learn about the effective drivers of performance. (Source: Norreklit, 2000) The scorecard on its own will not be effective if Lucky Airs top management is not committed to it. The top executives may end up looking at Balanced scorecard as a quick fix that can easily be installed in the airline. The scorecard may have its limitations if the top management simply uses it as a checklist for operational improvements or to expand the compensation system to include non-financial measures. (Source: Atkinson, A. et al, 2004) The scorecard seems to have too much internal focus. The scorecard is only depicting incentives for desired behaviour changes in the ground crew and not focusing on other employees. Conclusion and Recommendation A scorecard balances traditional financial measures of success such as profits and return on capital with non-financial measures of the drivers of future financial performance. It can prove to be an effective tool for Lucky Air if it is appropriately deployed by the airline. Appropriate deployment will require complete commitment from all levels in the organisation by making its implementation everyones job. Moreover, the initial Balanced Scorecard should only be taken as a starting point and needs to be looked upon on an ongoing basis. Frequent reviews of the scorecard are required and new performance measures identified as a Balanced Scorecard evolves over a period of time. Data on various measures or metrics needs to be collected on a regular basis and the targets of the metrics should be sufficiently linked to rewards and incentives to motivate their accomplishment. APPENDIX Appendix A: Explanation of the Lucky Air Scorecard The classes which can be formed and the parameters which may be put in the balance scorecard are: Financial: How is success measured by Lucky Airs owners, namely, Hainan Airlines, Shanxi Airlines and Yunnan Shilin Tourism Aviation? The financial parameter can be evaluated by assigning values to parameters like total revenue or increase in revenue from tickets, total amount refunded due to cancelled tickets etc. It is also measured in changes in the plane leasing costs, maintaining and operating costs etc. Customers: This is the customer perspective. It focuses on how the airline creates value for the customers. Customer perspective provides an insight into the perceptions customers hold for Lucky Air. Internal: What internal processes should Lucky Air excel in to satisfy customers and shareholders? Internal Processes can be known from turnaround time, on-ground time, arrival and departure delays, number of ticketing errors, customer care services etc. This would help in attaining an idea of the operations of the organization in question. Learning and growth: What employee capabilities, information systems and Lucky Airs climate does the airline need to continually improve its internal processes and customer relationships? It focuses on the motivation and training of the crew members. Starting at the bottom of the diagram, the strategy has a learning and growth objective to train and motivate ground crew with the expectation that this will lead to better improved ground turnarounds, from arrivals to subsequent departures, for its planes. This internal objective enables Lucky Air to have its planes depart on time and to get better utilisation of its airplanes and flight crews, further enabling it to earn profits even at prices that are lowest in the industry. It also focuses on improvement of internal processes to realise bigger revenue opportunities. The low prices and on-time departures attract more customers, improve customer loyalty and lead to a growth in revenues. The combination of revenue growth and low costs finally results in high profits and high return on assets. The strategy is clearer through the cause and effect relationships among objectives in each of the four balanced scorecard perspectives. These can be stated as follows: Increase revenues through increased sales to existing and new customers (financial) Grow to be service oriented ( customer perspective) Excel in providing services through continuous process improvements ( internal) Bring into line employee incentives and rewards with the strategy (learning and growth)