Travel agency or company

The act of traveling to different places for leisure or recreational purposes is leisure travel and tourism is a travel for leisure or recreational purposes. Globalization has increased the tourism industry a big boost. Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries that contribute greatly to the economy of a country in this era of globalization. Majority of the working class spend their leisure time for travel. Many services describe a leisure travel experience that include guided tours, farm stay tours, tours for the activity of the kids, entertainment programmes at resorts or hotels, and weekend accommodation/holiday packages.A travel agency or company sells the travel services, particularly the package travel. There are commonly three types of three different types of agencies that include multiples, maniples and independent agencies. The multiples comprise of national chains of international conglomerates. A package travel comprises of a pre-arranged travel for 24 hours, which is a combination of accommodation, transport and a tourist service such as entertainment that forms a significant part of the package. Normally there exists an exclusive price for this package travel.The package is generally provided for a discount and the travel company should provide the information regarding the requirements of the visa and passport, health requirements. The Brisbane is the state capital of Queensland, Australia, with tourism as an important industry for the economy of the state attracting 4. 9 million of domestic and 0. 9 million international visitors annually. Brisbane neighbors the tourism capital of Australia, the gold coast, with golden beaches and exciting nightlife.The present paper discusses on designing the leisure travel product, a package tour to the Brisbane the capital of the state of Queensland, Australia. It also analyses the existing market opportunities for the product when compared with the products of the similar nature. Variables of the mark eting mix in a package tour: Product: The product in the tourism industry is the customer value, and for the elements of the marketing mix to be effective, it is important to concentrate on the unique characteristics of the product for tourism, the demand and the range of the determinants for the demand.In a tourism industry, for a strategic planning of the product there are two possible approaches that include, Market approach and the destination approach. It is important to select the right package of products to make the market more attractive. Securing a unique position and a good reputation in the market is very important for the strategic place of the product in the market. A package of benefits and offerings that can meet the expectations of the visitors, investors will increase the business.Promotion: Communication in an effective way plays an important role that increases the effectiveness of the market. Awareness of the product: it is important to make the customer aware o f the product to get the attention of the customer. Interest: generating interest on the product plays an important role. Desire: Creating a desire that is related to the needs relative to the competitors is important. Action: stimulating the target market to purchase the product plays an important role.Giving the information and building awareness of the product, creating a positive attitude towards the product, and creating a good climate for purchase by clearing the doubts about the product are some of the attributes that has to be considered for promoting a product. The product offering in the form of stimulus input that provokes for a holiday tour, taking the full advantage of product promotion through the communication channels such as guides, brochures etc, will motivate the customers to purchase the product.Price: The price factor in the tourism industry is perceived in terms of value for money. This is largely influenced by the prior expectation of the customer as to how ex pensive or cheap the trip would be. The price and the perception the price in the market needs to be handles carefully in the marketing mix. Description of the travel product, the package tour A package tour is a service that comprises of transport and accommodation organized by a tour operator and sold by a travel agent.The package tour of the modern times has evolved from the package tours of 1960’s when there was a package tour that comprises of flights, accommodation and transfers. These package tours mostly existed in the United Kingdom where most of the people got an affordable travel to various destinations including the foreign travel. With a decreasing demand for the package tour, the sector is now largely operated by a few large tour operators. With the advent of dynamic tour package, the consumers have the freedom to choose their own packages consisting of accommodation, flights and transfers.(First conferences battle, 2005). Analysis of the product: Australian cul tural environment is unique in that it is a combination of the aboriginal, Europe and American cultures. The excellent cities, snowfields, deserts, rain forests, and the golden beaches of Australia provide a wealth of travel experiences. Australia is a tourist attraction for its events, arts from aboriginal culture, antiques, cuisine and most of all the flexible government policies to obtain visas for the foreign tourists.Contributing a large share to the economy, tourism in Australia represents about 5. 9% of the GDP. With a large number of domestic and international tourists visiting every year, there is a lot of scope for the dynamic package tours in the country. Activities and benefits of a package tour: The activity of a package tour is to plan a journey to a different place without many hazels at a reasonable cost. The benefits of the tour include the avoiding the hassles of searching for accommodation in a new place and all accommodation and transportation are pre arranged.Wi th packaging to tourism the tourism operators get the benefits such as increase in the sales, increasing marketability of the product and increase of the share in the market beyond the own resources. Target markets: Many tourists buy the package tours as they feel it is the secure, economical and a convenient way for a leisure travel. The travel agents can use this opportunity to enhance their product value by offering some compliments along with their services. The best packages give appealing experiences for a good value to the target market.The best package chooses specific products based on the best fit in the target market. Price: Price of the package is decided upon the per customer basis and is calculated based on variable costs, fixed costs and the overhead or the marketing costs. All these costs together with the profit will form the basic package of the price. Location/schedules: Many travelers and the budget minded in particular, prefer the travel that is safe convenient and secure. These package travels are useful for those who travel for an unfamiliar location that is exotic that can be covered in a short period.Many of the partially escorted tours take care of transportation and lodging in which meals are excluded. Personnel for the package tour: The warm and friendly personnel and their welcoming and receiving nature will give the tourists a relaxation. The relaxing environment provided by the personnel at every stage of the travel gives a feeling that the tourists feel excited and relaxed. Physical facilities for a package tour: The organizations, which offers services for package tours has to change the strategy in such a way that the package offered constantly meets the demands of the customer.By considering the aspirations of the tourists, it is possible to manage the resources effectively. Process management policies: The process management policies include package types that supports user-defined product types, dynamic packages that allows choice of items adjusted according to the budget, flexibility in accommodating the packages in different seasons, a complete rule based pricing mechanism, managing multiple currencies, pooled inventory management and powerful traveler reward programme. Competitive advantage or unique selling point:For selling a package, it is beneficial to develop the package that has appealing inventory of experiences, and support services. Developing a package concept that includes setting a theme, market position, and giving a full description of the specific services are appealing to the target market that give a competitive advantage. Travel products offered by one company Package tour-1 The package includes four days and three nights, and the price includes morning city sights, rivers and return private car transfers to airport, hotel and the choice of selecting star hotels including one lunch.Package tour-2 The package tour includes four days and three nights. The pricing includes escorted t ouring with knowledgeable guides. One night each at pinnacles, beach, museums, that includes six meals (3 breakfasts and 3 dinners). Package tour-3 The package includes five days and four nights, the price includes accommodation for two nights at rain forest retreat, excursions, guided walks, morning and afternoon teas, accommodation for two nights at a resort, four breakfasts and one lunch and private car transfer to hotel and airport.Analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of each package tour Package tour-1 Strengths: The strengths include city viewing in the morning, offering choice to choose a star hotel for accommodation and transport by private cars to airport and hotel. Weaknesses: The weaknesses include providing only one lunch during the period of stay. Package tour-2 Strengths: That include visit for the museums, viewing wild flowers, dolphins, beaches, and pinnacles and offering six meals. Weaknesses: Not offering transport by a private car to the hotels and airport.Packa ge tour-3 Strengths: The strengths include providing accommodation for two nights at rain forest retreat, with excursions and guided walks, all transfers, and private car transfer to hotel and airports. Weaknesses: The weaknesses include providing only four breakfasts and one lunch as the travelers has to visit the rain forest retreat. Proposed travel product The travel product comprises of a trip to Brisbane a cosmopolitan city that provides relaxation. The stay includes 3 days and two nights.The price includes two nights at Brisbane, transports by a private car to hotel and airport visit to a sanctuary, and high lights of the city in the afternoon, and a tour to the zoo. The price also includes three lunch and two breakfasts and one dinner and the choice of choosing one out of the three good star hotels for accommodation. The price will be reasonable at 520 US dollars. Presentation of the product A trip to Brisbane A trip to discover a young cosmopolitan city Brisbane will relax y ou from the hassles of routine life.Stay: 3 days and two nights Price: †¢ two nights at Brisbane †¢ private car transfers to the airport and hotel †¢ visit to sanctuary †¢ afternoon highlights of the city †¢ a tour to the zoo †¢ three lunch, two breakfasts and one dinner Day-1 Transport by a private car, a tourist guide will accompany a tour to the afternoon high lights of the city. A visit to the wild life sanctuary, and choice of choosing a hotel Day-2 Visit to the zoo, entertainment by many shows and demonstrations. Day-3Transfer to airport from Brisbane by a private car References From the journals: 1. Angel roper(2005), Marketing standardisation:tour operators in the nordic region European journal of marketing,vol. 39(5/6), pp. 514-27 2. Jay kadumpally(2000), The impact of demand fluctuation on the quality of service: a tourism industry example. Managing service quality, vol. 10(1), pp. 10-19. From the internet: 3. Travel Agents Could Lose Out in t he Dynamic Packaging Battle, First Conferences Ltd. (2005).

Drama assessment on dennis kellys ‘DNA’

Lea being the main narrator, sat up on her knees, Inviting the audience In to listen and seemed more comforting and engaged, whereas Phil communicated with the audience with the lack of focus and response, showing have AR away Phil really is to understanding Leash's thoughts and feelings. The actors facial features were kept very minimal, neural expressions which showed no emotion allowing the other two character to really communicate and show the audience what they really think and feel.We did this to support our Interpretation of the characters and what we got from the play which was that Lea had deep feelings for Phil, which he took for granted. I played Leash's conscience, alongside†¦.. , who played Phial's. I and †¦ Walked up to each other hesitantly, showing the lack of communication between the characters as their unsure of their relationship. We help our hands out towards each other after we had separated to communicate through the use of gesture, to the audience th at we do truly need each other, we just can't show it.This was my idea, and I think it was successful because I really wanted to show to the audience the true feelings of the two characters and I think this was a good moment to communicate with the audience. I contrasted with tone of voice, as she uses a soft yet pleading tone, I respond to it with an aggressive tug of Cam's arm, silently beginning him to respond. Leash's self-conscious, in coherent character and Phial's stubborn blindness, tops them communicating, and I believe this is why their relationship is so strained and unclear. Ã'›â€ ¦ Asked us to enter the stage one by one, and to create a still image of a character, showing them at the start and end of the play. We had to then bring our image to life, using role play to show what we would have thought at those points. I was playing Brian, a miss interpreted character, which didn't get enough attention even though the situation was clearly affecting him in a strong ph ysiological level. For my first still image I stood with a slouch, protectively wrapping my arms around my odd, by lowering onto a smaller level, symbolizes Briar's vulnerability and scared nature.Avoiding eye contact too communicate with the audience, showing how uncomfortable Brain was, repeating â€Å"l can't go In there† and â€Å"l feel guilty, stuttering my words. By slurring and stuttering the words shows the audience that I'm not an overly confident character and the pressure and guilt Is getting too much for me, communicating my feelings and status within the group, saying things Like â€Å"they can't make me go in their again†, showing that the rest of the group takes advantage of his weak nature, which Is showed throughout the play. On the other hand, when †¦. Wowed his Interpretation, he showed Brian forcefully splitting out his words, showing his distaste towards the other characters In the play, glaring at the audience, communicating via facial expr ession, whereas I relied on my body language. After delivering my narration, I used a melting machine to change my Briar's over enthusiastic, UN naturalistic character in contrast to the serious situation he was in. At the end of the play, you're informed of Briar's diagnosed mental issue, so I tried to communicate that with over enthusiastic body moment and gestures, to express the erratic state of his mind.It was intriguing to see where the characters ended up after being involved in murder, and Briar's account has got to be the most shocking and legit, Dennis Kelly is clever with the way he shows his character. Miss asked us to get into larger groups to perform a conscious alley to show Phial's inner battle for his decision to kill Adam. My group was the most effective as we added various bits of narration in the mist of some role playing in unison. I was on the side which was trying to skillfully persuade Phil to choose the moral decision, too not killWe started off with the lig hts off, eliminating the audiences senses, all laughing in high pitches, moving around the blocks to make the audience vulnerable, communicating Adams feelings which he would of felt when he woke up with the woods surrounding him. I silenced the laughing and the darkness by saying the line â€Å"So however you been living? â€Å", a seemingly innocent, naturalistic question, which then .. Elaborates and turns the scene from Statisticians inspired to Retard in a quick change of pace, which is heightened with the rest of us hitting the block and our legs and add a form of an ritual.

C.V. George and Company VS. Marshall Sons

The Appellant humbly submits this memorandum for one appeal filed before this Honorable Court.. It sets forth the facts and the laws on which the claims are based. Statement of Jurisdiction of the Respondent The Respondent humbly submits this memorandum in response to the appeal filed before this Honorable Court.. It sets forth the facts and the laws on which the claims are based. Statement of Facts On 6th May, 1971, C.V George and Company, a contractor in Cochin, requested a quotation for the supply of one hot mix plant from Marshall Sons, a dealer in Hot Mix plants and Mini Crushers. The requested quotation was sent by Marshall Sons on 1 lath May, 1971. After a few days, on 21st June 1971, C. V. George and Company requested for a revised quotation which was sent by Marshall Sons on 29th July, 1971. C. V George and Company finally placed the order for one hot mix plant on 31st July, 1971. In their second quotation, Marshall Sons said that they would supply the hot mix plant within 3 -4 months, subject to conditions beyond its control.To this quotation, the contractor sent a letter saying that according to their previous discussions, the hot mix plant should be ready by the last week of September. No reply affirming this condition was sent by the dealer. Nearly a month after the time within which C. V. George and company wanted to have the delivery of the plant, they received a letter from Marshall Sons stating that he plant would be ready for delivery in the middle of next month or even earlier and that they had requested their associate company to expedite delivery of the machine. On 22nd November, 1971 Marshall Sons informed C.V George and Company that due to the go slow policy adopted by the workers in the factory it would be impossible for its associate company to deliver the plan by the end of November and they would try to deliver it by 10th December, 1971. There was no further correspondence between the two parties and the plant was eventually supplied b y Marshall Sons on 30th January,1972. Marshall Sons (plaintiff filed a case against C. V George and Company (defendant) in the trial court due to discrepancies between them. The objective of filing the case was to claim the amount for the supply of the hot mix plant from C. V George and Company whereas C.V. George and Company made a claim for damages under four counts, namely: (1) RSI. 2,000 being the cost of 12 volt electrical starter equipment with battery complete;(2) RSI. 321. 97 being the expenditure incurred towards the cost of materials and labor charges for welding and rectification of defects before the commission of the plant: (3) RSI. 2,000 being the value of 0. 75 ton of steel and (4) RSI. 8,175 being the hire charges for hiring plant from the Cochin Corporation. The trial court held that: (1) there was no consensus among the parties regarding the mime within which the hot mix plant was to be supplied, (2) C. V.George would receive an amount of RSI. 500 for the 12 volt e lectrical supply starter equipment and the other three claims would be set off, (3) even if for any reason, it is held that the amounts claimed under the other three clauses, do not amount to a plea of set off or counterclaim, the evidence adduced, has not established the claim made by the defendant. A decree was given in the favor of the plaintiff for a sum of 12,096 and at an interest rate of 6% annum from 27th' January, 1971, till the date of plaint and proportionate costs. C. V George and Company appealed against this decree and judgment of the trial court in the high court.Questions Presented by the Appellant The following questions are presented before the court in the instant matter: 1) Whether time is to be considered an essence of the contract 2) Whether the contract was carried out by the respondent within a reasonable span of time 3) Whether the appellant is entitled to claim full amount for damages 4) Whether there was a breach of warranty Questions Presented by the Resp ondent Whether time is to be considered an essence of the contract 2) Whether the appellant is entitled to claim full amount for damages 3) Whether there was a breach Summary of Pleadings of the Appellant 1 .Whether time is to be considered an essence of the contract: Ordinarily, time is to be treated as an essence of commercial contracts, as stated by the Counsel for the appellant. Furthermore, when the appellant requested for the machinery to be supplied latest by the middle of September, 1971 , the subsequent replies of the respondent showed clear indication of acknowledgment of the time span, as well as the stipulated deadline. Therefore, the respondent has committed reach of condition of warranty under Section 59 of the Sale of Goods Act, by not supplying the hot mix plant by the middle of September, 1971. . Whether the contract was carried out by the respondent within a reasonable span of time: The appellant's case states that the hot mix plant should have been supplied by the middle of September, 1971 and the respondent failed to fulfill his part of the contract as the plant was supplied on 30th January, 1972. The appellant further states that this delay was without any reasonable or probable cause and hence the contract wasn't fulfilled within reasonable time. 3.Whether the appellant is entitled to claim full amount for damages: The appellant's case is that as the hot mix plant was not delivered within the time stipulated, it is entitled to claim damages amounting to 12,496. Due to the delay in the supply of the plant, the appellant had to incur losses. 4. Whether there was a breach of warranty: The appellant claims that there was a breach of warranty and tries to recover the amount he can. He is of the view that part (3) in section 12 of the Sale of Goods Act entitles him to raise a claim.Part (3) in section 12: ‘A warranty is a stipulation collateral to the main purpose of the contract, the breach f which gives rise to a claim for damages but n ot to a right to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated. ‘ Summary of Pleadings of the Respondent 1 . Whether time is to be considered an essence of the contract: The respondent had stated that the hot mix plant would be supplied within 3-4 months, subject to conditions beyond its control. Though the appellant wanted delivery of the hot mix plant in the middle of September, 1971, the respondent did not send any reply agreeing to the appellant's stipulation.Marshall Sons sent out another correspondence on 22nd November, stating that in view of the go slow policy adopted by the workers in the factory for the past one month, it would not be possible for its associate company to deliver the plant by the end of November. No objection or protest was raised by the appellant in response to this. There was no consensus regarding the period within which the plant had to be supplied and thus, time was not to be considered as essence. 2.Whether the appellant is entitled to claim full amount for damages: The appellant aimed to collect its desired sum as compensation, of RSI. 12,496, by using Section 59 of the Sale of Goods Act. An important portion of this act states that if the appellant ants to claim compensation for any loss occasioned by the non-performance of the contract within the stipulated time and if the appellant accepts performance of the contract, he must issue notice to the respondent of his intention to claim damages.In this situation, the appellant issued the notice to the respondent on 8th December, 1971, which was long prior to the date when the goods were supplied to it and the performance of the contract was accepted by the appellant. Therefore, since the claim was not issued at the time when the appellant accepted the performance of he contract, the appellant is unable to resort to Section 55 of the Contract Act to sustain a claim for damages against the respondent. 3.Whether there was a breach of warranty: Granting for argument sa ke that time was essence of the contract and there was breach of contract by the respondent, even then Section 59 of the Sales of Goods Act cannot be attracted as the definition of â€Å"Condition and Warranty' in Section 12 of the Sales of Goods Act is limited to stipulations in a contract of sale with reference to goods and stipulations with regard to time and other matters is outside the definition f Section 12 of Sales of Goods Act.Pleadings and Authorities 1 . Time is to be considered an essence of the contract: The Counsel for the appellant made its case by stating that time was of essence to this particular situation, and is treated as such for commercial contracts, in reference to two such decisions of the Supreme Court in Inhabit Parkas v. Durra Data and C. C. Exporters v. B. &C. Mills.The appellant wrote to the respondent, requesting for the machinery to be supplied latest by the middle of September, 1971 , and following were the subsequent replies of the respondent showi ng clearly the acknowledgment f the time span, as well as the stipulated deadline. Therefore, the respondent has committed breach of condition of warranty under Section 59 of the Sale of Goods Act, by not supplying the hot mix plant by the middle of September, 1971.The remedy for breach of warranty under the Sale of Goods Act is as follows: (I) Where there is a breach of warranty by the seller, or where the buyer elects or is compelled to treat any breach of a condition on the part of the seller as a breach of warranty, the buyer is not by reason only of such breach of warranty entitled to reject he goods; but he may- (a) set up against the seller the breach of warranty in diminution or extinction of the price, or (b) sue the seller for damages for breach of warranty. It) The fact that a buyer has set up a breach of warranty in diminution or extinction of the price does not prevent him from suing for the same breach of warranty if he has suffered further damage.As per the case made, under the Sale of Goods Act, â€Å"(I)Where there is a breach of warranty by the seller, or where the buyer elects or is compelled to treat any breach of a condition on the part of the seller as a breach of warranty, the buyer is not by season only of such breach of warranty entitled to reject the goods; but he may (a)set up against the seller the breach of warranty in diminution or extinction of the price†, the Counsel for the appellant further contended that the appellant is entitled to claim by way of damages a total sum of RSI. 2,496. Of time: As already stated, the respondent has indicated under Exhibit 8-9 that it will supply the plant in about 3 to 4 months time from the date of receipt of order subject to conditions beyond its control. The appellant placed the order or 31st July, 1971. Three month's time expired on 30th December, 1971.Even before the expiry of the period, the respondent wrote Exhibit A-6 the its associate company had advised that the plant will be re ady for delivery in the middle of November, and it has advised its associate company to pay special attention and expedite delivery of the plant. The respondent again wrote under Exhibit A-7 stating that in view of the go-slow policy adopted by the workers in the factory of its associate company, there was a delay in the manufacture of the plant and it would be supplied before 10th December, 1971.The plant was ultimately delivered to the appellant on 30th January, 1972. Having regard to the time stipulated by the respondent under Exhibit 8-9 and having regard to the difficulties faced by its associate company, the details of which are stated both in Exhibits A-6 and A-9, there is absolutely no difficulty in holding that the respondent has performed the contract within a reasonable time. On a careful perusal of the correspondence between the parties as referred to above, it is seen that no time was fixed for performance of the contract.There was stipulation by the respondent under Ex hibit 8-9 to deliver the plant in about three to four months' time room the date of receipt of order Subject to conditions beyond its control and a suggestion by the appellant under Exhibit A-2 that the point regarding delivery should be brought to the personal notice of Mr.. Cellular and arrangements may be made to supply the plant by the middle of September, 1971. Thus, it can be seen that there was no consensus ad idem regarding the period within which the plant has to be delivered to the appellant.Hence the term reasonable time would signify any which period of time by which the plant has been delivered provided there is no delay due to circumstances arising because of inefficiency of the respondent. . Whether the appellant is not entitled to claim full amount for damages The appellant wished to claim set off for the sum of RSI. 12,496, under the following counts: 3. 1 For the first count the appellant asked to claim RSI. 2,000 being the cost of 12 volt electrical starter equipm ent, complete with battery.The trial Court allowed a sum of RSI. 500 under this count, while referring to the Sale of Goods Act where if there is a breach of warranty by the seller, or where the buyer elects or is compelled to treat any breach of a condition on the part of the seller as a breach of warranty, he buyer is not by reason only of such breach of warranty entitled to reject the goods; but he may set up against the seller the breach of warranty in diminution or extinction of the price. 3. The other three claims made by the appellant were denied on the basis of the Contract Act, under Section 55, where if the appellant wants to claim compensation for any loss occasioned by the non-performance of the contract within the stipulated time and if the appellant accepts performance of the contract, he must issue notice to the respondent of his intention to claim damages. It is therefore clear that if the appellant wants to claim damages by resorting to Section 55 of the Contract Ac t he must issue a notice to the respondent of his intention to claim damages at the time when he accepts performance of the contract.In the instant case, the goods were delivered to the appellant only on 30th January, 1972. The appellant issued its writing to the respondent on 8th December, 1971, which was long prior to the date when the goods were supplied to it and the performance of the contract was accepted by the appellant. Since the issue was not made at the time when the appellant accepted the reference of the contract, the appellant cannot resort to Section 55 of the Contract Act to sustain a claim for damages against the respondent.The next question for consideration is whether under Section 59 of the Sale of Goods Act, it is open to the appellant to treat any breach of a condition on the part of the respondent as breach of warranty and set up against the respondent the breach of warranty in diminution of the price. We have already held that time is not the essence of contr act and there is no breach of condition on the part of the respondent.Even granting for argument's sake that time was essence of the contract ND there was a breach of condition by the respondent, even then Section 59 of the Sale of Goods Act, cannot be attracted, as the definition of â€Å"condition and warranty† in Section 12 of the Sale of Goods Act is limited to stipulations in a contract of sale with reference to goods and stipulations with regard to time and other matters are outside the definition contained in Section 12 of Sale of Goods Act. Section 59 of the Sale of Goods Act states that – 12.Condition and warranty. – (1) A stipulation in a contract of sale with reference to goods which are the subject thereof may be a condition or a warranty. 2) A condition is a stipulation essential to the main purpose of the contract, the breach of which gives rise to a right to treat the contract as repudiated. (3) A warranty is a stipulation collateral to the main p urpose of the contract, the breach of which gives rise to a claim for damages but not to a right to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated. 4) Whether a stipulation in a contract of sale is a condition or a warranty depends in each case on the construction of the contract. A stipulation may be a condition, though called a warranty in the contract. It can be noted that section 59 is not applicable as this contract is not stipulated by time or any other such conditions except that it should be completed in reasonable time. Hence it falls outside of the definition of the act and there is no breach of CASE ANALYSIS The C. V.George and Company vs. Marshall Sons case, is one of appellate Jurisdiction in the High Court as a result of a previous case filed by Marshall Sons against C. V. George and Company. The trial court came to the conclusion that C. V. George and Company was entitled to receive a claim of only RSI. 500 as opposed to their former claim for RSI. 12,496. It r uled in favor of Marshall Sons by announcing a decree for a sum of RSI. 12,096 at 6% interest per annum, from 27th January till the date of plaint and proportionate costs. Aggrieved by this Judgment of the trial court, C. V George and Company filed an appeal in the Madras High Court.The learned counsel for the appellant relied major on the fact that time is of the essence in commercial contracts and that by failing to meet the deadline, Marshall Sons have breached an important condition of the contract and under Section 59 of the Sale of Goods Act, it is open to the appellant to treat a breach of condition as breach of warranty and set p against the respondent the breach of warranty in diminution of the price. The appellant also stated that this entitled it to claim damages under four counts and those amounts should go in diminution of the price claimed by the respondent for the supply of the hot mix plant.After careful consideration, it was clear to the court that there was no actu al consensus between the parties regarding the time of the delivery. C. V. George and Company expected to receive the plant by mid September whereas Marshall Sons spoke about supplying the plant within 3-4 months after the interact was signed ( 31st July, 1971). Marshall Sons later said that due to the ‘go slow policy adopted by the workers, they wouldn't be able to supply it earlier than what they had committed. No objections were raised by C. V George and Company.The plant was finally delivered on 30th January, 1972. We see that, due to the fact that there was no proper agreement about the time between the two parties, Marshall Sons have a stronger case as the court ruled that time was not of the essence for this contract. Keeping in mind all the obstacles faced by Marshall Sons in the delivery of his plant and the stipulated time of 3-4 months the court ruled that the plant was delivered within a reasonable time frame. The case for Marshall Sons Just gets stronger as the co ntractor isn't entitled to make a claim for damages.If the appellant wants to claim damages by resorting to Section 55 of the Contract Act he must issue a notice to the respondent of his intention to claim damages at the time when he accepts performance of the contract which was not done in this case. Further, under section 59 of the Sale of Goods Act, the appellant can treat any breach of a condition n the part of the respondent as a breach of warranty in diminution of the price but this cannot be used in the favor of the appellant in this case.It has already been established that time was not an essence of contract in this case. Section 12 of the Sale of Goods Act states that the condition of warranty is limited to stipulations in a contract of sale with reference to goods and stipulations with regard to time and other matters are outside the definition contained in that section. As a result, the High Court of Madras confirmed the trial and decree of the trial court. C. V. George ND Company had to make the payment they owed and would receive only RSI. 00 for one of their claims. Marshall Sons had a stronger case to present in both, the Trial Court as well as the High Court.

Extended Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Extended Project - Essay Example more crimes committed by young men than young women. The key focus of the paper is to reveal the inner crux of the theme with a background focus on economic reasons. An in-depth evaluation of the selected theme would facilitate to derive an understanding regarding the factors especially the economic factors that encourage more males to commit crimes than young women. Economic Reasoning In this section of the paper, the aforementioned economic concepts namely economic learning including scarcity, opportunity cost and margin analysis, Handy Dandy guide, REMM-Decision Making model, along with evaluating certain economic systems such as circular flow, market failure and command among others will be explained in a precise manner. Market Failure It is particular economic situation in which a company or a business entity has to suffer from economic losses resulting out of non-achievement of the broad business objectives. This term can also be understood as a negative aspect which is faced w hen certain pre-determined objectives are not met within the overall marketing context (Carden & Horwitz, 2013). Handy Dandy Guide This concept comes under the aspect of economic learning. It is referred as an assessment tool which is utilized in studying the behavioral work pattern of the people. It is used for determing the choices of the people and also for highlighting the costs involved in people’s choices. It also explains the different choices people make and certain consequences that they face which may take a negative or a positive form (Pennsylvania’s State Parent Advisory Council, 2006). Economic Learning This aspect can be understood as the process of gaining knowledge in the overall context of economics. This form of learning can result in the achievement of greater aspects of economical knowhow. REMM-Decision Making model This particular concept is an integral part of economic learning. It is termed as the process which is utilized for closing and finaliz ing the decisions that are needed to be made and also to find suitable alternatives for each of the decisions (Saunders & Gilliard, 1995). Opportunity Cost This concept comes under the periphery of economic learning and is regarded as an economical term which primarily refers to the price of an alternative that is needed to be forgone for the purpose of pursuing a certain action (Saunders & Gilliard, 1995). Scarcity Scarcity refers to unavailability of required resources to obtain desired along with necessary aspects. Scarcity in economic parlance emerges from uncertain condition of the prevailing social structure and economy (Saunders & Gilliard, 1995). Margin Analysis Margin analysis refers to the process of analysis of the margins of a company. This process is precisely followed in determining the overall profits of a company. The process of margin analysis can be performed by way of performing economic calculations and specific financial analysis. This aspect is however consider ed to be very important as with the help of proper margin analysis, the actual state of the company’s profitability can be determined (Saunders & Gilliard, 1995). Literature Review This part of the paper will primarily highlight all those factors pertaining to the deeper analysis of the above mentioned economic concepts. The concerned terms represent greater significance in relation to the overall

Impact of Demand and Supply on Price and Quantity Essay

Impact of Demand and Supply on Price and Quantity - Essay Example For ringing out the inverse relationship between price and quantity, we have to assume that other things are equal which means that all the factors, other than the price of the goods remain unchanged. This is called the ceteris paribus assumption. In the diagram, the line ABC is called a demand curve which shows the inverse relationship between the price and quantity demanded. The demand curve will always slope downwards to the right. The most important reason for the demand curve sloping downwards is the operation of the law of diminishing marginal utility. The law of diminishing marginal utility explains that the consumer will buy more and more of a commodity only at a lesser price. The term supply means the quantities of goods and services which a seller is willing and able to offer for sale at a price during a period of time. Thus, supply is always at a price, at a particular point of time and at a certain quantity. The law of supply states that other things being equal higher the price greater will be the quantity supplied by the producer and lower the price smaller will be the quantity supplied. There is a direct and positive relationship between price and quantity supplied.. ... LAW OF SUPPLY The term supply means the quantities of goods and services which a seller is willing and able to offer for sale at a price during a period of time. Thus, supply is always at a price, at a particular point of time and at a certain quantity. The law of supply states that other things being equal higher the price greater will be the quantity supplied by the producer and lower the price smaller will be the quantity supplied. There is a direct and positive relationship between price and quantity supplied. ABC is the supply curve. The relationship between the price and quantity supplied is depicted by the supply curve. When price remains constant producers or sellers may come forward to supply less or more at a particular price. This is referred to as a shift in supply. DEMAND INCREASES and SUPPLY INCREASES When both the demand and supply increases the quantity will not be much affected because an increase in demand will be met by an increase in supply. This situation mostly is found during the long period when the firm will have adequate time and resources to meet the increase in demand. In the long run, all the factors are variable. Under the long period, supply and demand fluctuate freely and they become equal. Therefore there will not be much increase or decrease in price and price will remain stable. During the long period, there is ample time for the firm to increase the capital for the expansion of plant and machinery to increase the quantity of output, according to the increase in demand. Therefore supply can be changed to meet the increased demand of any commodity.  

Critical analysis do not go gentle into that good night by dylan Essay

Critical analysis do not go gentle into that good night by dylan thomas - Essay Example Like many other poets, life and death and the new life binding new generations also attracted him. His poem, Do not go gentle into that night has very much attracted the readers with various factors. BBC writes, â€Å"Perhaps the most striking thing about Do Not Go Gentle is the contrast between its form, which is strict, regular and controlled, and its message, which incites the man to "rage against the dying of the light† (BBC Wales arts). The poem has been written in the villanelle style through which the poet could create a wonderful impact among the readers. The critical analysis of the poem is conducted on the grounds that the poem discloses his thoughts and experiences of death. Analysing the theme of the poem one can see the poet addressing his father, the retired military man, who is approaching death. For the poet one should be very vigilant when approaching death. He insists, "Do not go Gentle into that Good Night." Here the poet differs from other poets who exhort to face death gently. ‘Good Night’ here stands for death or the last night for which one waits for. This is to be noted that the poem presents the various perspectives of death from different people who all demonstrated one common struggle to hold on to life (123helpme.com). The second and the third line of the poem make clear theme of the poem when he writes, â€Å"Old age should burn and rage at close of day/Rage, rage against the dying of the light† (Line 2-3). For the poet, when one reaches in his/her old age, one should burn with burn with emotion at ‘close of day,’ that is, against the all powerful death. The poet stresses burning and raging in the third line which is used as a refrain and the repetition of the word ‘rage.’ The following stanzas of the poem clearly indicate how the wise men, good men, wild men and grave men react to the call of death. The poet presents these men in order to make clear the fact that death is unavoid able and it is the natural tendency of man to fight against or using his all weapons to prevent it. Very often, it may not be for their own sake, but for assuring their close ones security and hope that they will be there forever. Addressing his father, the poet reveals the general truth and as a supporting factor, he produces the examples of wise men, good men, wild men and grave men, that is, they are regretted in leaving this world. Though it is difficult for one to identify these elements directly from the poem except in the line, ‘Curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray’ (Line17). Therefore, it is evident of the poet’s understanding of people’s attitude to life and death. The poet persuades his father, who was a militant man, to â€Å"rage against the dying of the light† through the examples of the wise, good, wild and grave men. The unwillingness of the wise men is suggestive of the unwillingness of man to accept death easily. Whene ver man feels that he has not accomplished all his desires—which one can never attain in one’s life, he hesitant to receive death. Thus, one can infer that the poet was trying to affirm man’s unwillingness to accept the imminent death. The poet has also used various poetic devices and symbolisms to make his propositions more effective. The use of the literary device villanelle with the rhyme scheme alternating between ‘night’ and ‘day’ really enhances the beauty of the poem. The use of the complex style

Book analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Book analysis - Essay Example Those individuals who have a compulsion to erase most painful memories from recall are the most vulnerable to become MPD. Those individuals who have been subject to abuse or trauma as a child have a strong incentive to discard remnants of those experiences. The trouble is that memory is a physiological-neurological construct as opposed to being purely a facet of the mind. Moreover, even this tendency toward partial amnesia is promoted by a ‘self’ that is in itself conditioned by early traumatic experience. Hence the subject is twice challenged to relieve himself/herself from the conflicted mental makeup. The outcome of this churning is the compromised solution of a MPD, whereby, the subject swings between the original composite personality and the forced-aspiring personality. The former is the personality as it is, whereas the latter is the personality desired. The interesting thing about memory is how it is tagged with verbal identifiers. These identifiers are culturally determined and are usually dependent upon the prevalent ideas, norms and fashions attached to the particular cultural milieu. In this context, memory is an extension of the language faculty in humans. Usually, it is the most emotive experience which is also the most memorable. Emotions arise out of subjective feelings. They are also fleeting and replicable in various similar situations. Hence our psyches crave for a method in which the valued experience is concretized. Words and set-phrases that were earlier acquired from the cultural environment are perused for this purpose. Hence, to answer a famous literary poser, calling a Rose by any other name, changes everything about the object and its associations. As Hacking observes in the book, the process of acquisition of memory and even the development of intelligence has a strong basis in semantics. Yet, the obvious danger is that the semantics might ‘justify’ apparently

Markting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Markting - Essay Example The organization operates with over 250 companies which are operating around the world. Johnson and Johnson has its headquarters in New Jersey and New Brunswick and has around 114,000 people as its employees according to the December 31, 2010 estimates (Datamonitor, 2012). The major three segments of the company constitute of consumer, medical devices and diagnostics, and the pharmaceuticals. The consumer segment of the J&J develops, produces and promotes a variety of oral care, skin care, wound care, baby care, and products for women’s health care. There are over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceutical products and the nutritional products offered by the company too. The major brands manufactured by the company include Band-Aid (adhesive bandages); Aveeno (skin care products); Clean & Clear (skin care products for teens); Carefree (panty liners); Motrin IB (ibuprofen products); Johnsons baby and adult lines of products; RoC (skin care products); Neutrogena (skin and hair care products); Stayfree (sanitary protection products); Listerine and Reach (oral care products); Tylenol (acetaminophen products)Zyrtec (allergy products); Pepcid AC (acid controller); Dabao (moisturizers); and Splenda (sweetener). The products of the company are supplied and sold to the wholesalers and the retail chain outlets which are independently functioning all across the globe. Johnson and Johnson aim to keep its pricing on parity with its competitors in the industry. It aims to undertake a penetration pricing strategy for its products and strives to enter new markets to market its new products. However for some established products like baby care products, the company has established the premium pricing strategy. The major competitors of the company lie in the pharmaceutical and drug industry. They include Pfizer Inc., GlaxoSmithKline plc, and others operating in the

Giant Snakes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Giant Snakes - Essay Example Boa belongs to Squamata order and Boidae family. Boa is found in Madagascar, Papua and the Pacific islands. The remarkable feature of this giant snake is its color. "Boa constrictors are pinkish or tan in color, with dark crossbands. They range in length is from 20 inches (50 cm) as neonates to 13 feet (3.9 m) as adults" (Boa 2007). The most colorful snakes are found in Amazon basin. The female are larger than male species. Pythons belong to Pythoninae subfamily, Boidae family. Pythons can be found in the tropics of Africa, Asia, and Australia. Similar to boas their females are larger than males (Mattison 87). The movement of both giant snakes looks magical. Though they have no legs, snakes can move fast and quite efficiently in all sorts of situations. Their long backbones comprise of between 100 and 400 vertebrae and, with a very special arrangement of muscles, they can adopt several efficient modes of locomotion and, furthermore, can switch virtually instantaneously from one to another. During this elegant side-to-side undulation, each part of the body passes across the same spot on the surface. There is also the concertina-type movement consisting of anchoring one part of the body on the substratum while the rest of it is either pulled or pushed along, clearly an efficient strategy when moving through narrow tunnels. Boas and pythons use the side-winding motion on moderately rugged surfaces, including unstable sand dunes. Pythons "coil themselves around their prey and with each breathe the creature takes the snake will squeeze a little tighter until they stop breathing completely" (Py thons 2007). Diet and Reproducing Pythons and boas can survive without food during a year. "Boa feeds on large lizards, small or moderate-sized birds, opossums, bats, mongooses, rats, and squirrels. It is a nocturnal hunter and uses its heat-sensitive scales to locate its prey" (Boa 2007). The main difference between boa and python is that pythons lay eggs while boas produce living boas. The female Python protects her eggs by coiling round them, and at this time her temperature rises several degrees, probably to promote hatching. Body Temperature and Vision Their body temperature depends on the environment, so they are said to be ectothermic. They regulate their body temperature by exploiting various behavioral attitudes such as warming themselves in the sun. Boas and pythons even seek warmth at night and, in tropical regions, they often rest on tracks which have accumulated heat during the day. In excessive heat, as in some deserts, they cool themselves by burrowing into the sand, leaving their eyes just above the ground (Mattison 2007). They are also able to adjust their body temperature by living nocturnally or diurnally or, in cold conditions, by hibernating in deep holes. Boas and pythons have classical senses: sight, smell, touch, probably taste (as suggested by the presence of taste buds in some snakes but not demonstrated in all) and hearing. With no movable eyelids, protection for their eyes is provided by a fixed transparent shield which is shed together with the whole skin during sloughing. Though vision in

Role of USA in wars, rasism and terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role of USA in wars, rasism and terrorism - Essay Example This reasserted, in gendered analysis, America’s role as a masculine protector, while effeminizing its enemies by demonstrating their inability to protect their own soil. This gendered construct of war continued through to the abuses in Abu Ghraib, where American personnel, both men and women, had to rape (literally and metaphorically), and feminize their inmates to reinforce positions of masculine, patriarchal power. 2. In the Cold War, America was in a heightened state of fear unlike it has been since, with the possible exception of the immediate aftermath of September 11th. ... Thus aspects of American society deemed traditional, like respect for authority, for hierarchy and patriotism, racial division, and so on all became an integral ingredient to national defense. The most important of these â€Å"values† was family – and anything that threatened traditional family threatened America to its heart. Thus, gays and lesbians were constructed as being even more dangerous than they previously were, because of the false perception that they undermined family and family values, and thus naturally supported communism through the destruction of the bulwarks that stand against it. This fear was symptomatic of the wider fear that any weakness, any at all could lead to eventual communist victory, and that not even the smallest gap could left for communism to spread into. This line of thinking led to Johnson’s decision to enter Vietnam in 1965 – his belief in the â€Å"domino theory,† that a small country’s regime change half way around the world could eventually cause America to fall to communism lost thousands of lives. 3. Capitalist economic power has enshrined itself as being at the heart of America’s existence, its very way of life, and thus has made itself a priority of â€Å"national defense.† In recent history, America has frequently held the expansion of capitalism as a higher priority than the expansion of democracy, and his repeatedly felled democratically elected regimes in order to install dictatorial, but more capitalist, ones. In Brazil in 1964, for instance, America successfully toppled the government of Joao Goulart, to be replaced by a military government. This coup was mirrored a year later by the coup engineered in Argentina in 1976,

Starbucks Coffee Essay Example for Free

Starbucks Coffee Essay

Relationships between Satisfaction with Life Essay Example for Free

Relationships between Satisfaction with Life Essay Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Satisfaction with life is a concept highly valued in today’s society. In an effort to understand mechanisms behind the life satisfaction, present study investigated the relationships between social network size, optimism and conscientiousness and the outcome variable, satisfaction with life. The four variables were measured through the use of a survey. Participants were students from California State University, Fullerton. A correlational analysis of the data showed a significant positive relationship between optimism, and conscientiousness and satisfaction with life. It was also found that individuals with large social network size were more satisfied than those with small social network size. These findings imply that improving levels of optimism and conscientiousness and increasing one’s social network can insure greater life satisfaction. Relationships between Satisfaction with Life, Social Network Size, Optimism, and Conscientiousness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Satisfaction with life is most often one of the greatest concerns of an individual’s life. There is a general belief that an inability to achieve satisfaction with one’s life indicates an unsuccessful life. Because of this socially generated drive for satisfaction with life, one is made to wonder. What factors are related to the experience of life satisfaction? What variables are good predictors of life satisfaction?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One suspected variable that would act as a good predictor of satisfaction with life is social network size. A social network refers to an individual’s link or relationship with other individuals. This link can cause certain social behavior to be explained (Mitchell, 1969). Quinn, Gavigan, and Franklin (1980) defined social networks to be the social units an individual is placed in contact with. Quinn et al. (1980) studied the effects of social network interaction on life satisfaction in older adults. The findings indicated that social network interaction was not a good predictor of satisfaction with life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another study conducted by Bowling,   Farquhar, ands Browne (1991) indicated that social network size is a poor indicator of life satisfaction. The study involved the participation of two types of individuals – those who lived in rural neighborhoods and those who lived in urban neighborhoods. Bowling et al. (1991) noted larger reported social network sizes for individuals in the urban areas as opposed to those in the rural areas. Despite this difference in reported social network sizes, life satisfaction between the two groups was not found to be different. This may, however, have been a result of difference in the levels of interaction available to individuals residing in the two areas. The insignificant findings may have been a result of the inherent differences between neighborhoods and therefore not representative of the social network size of a given individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Optimism is a second variable deemed to be related to feelings of satisfaction with life. A greater sense of optimism allows one to maintain an outlook on life that allows for the consideration of the world as a generally positive place. Research exploring the life satisfaction felt by retired physicians showed that greater optimism resulted in a greater satisfaction with their life. (Austrom, Perkins, Damush, and Hendrie, 2003) In retired individuals, especially, optimism may be an essential variable for achieving life satisfaction as it may also be a coping mechanism to the sudden change in lifestyle for the said individuals. The retired physicians felt that the greatest challenge going against their satisfaction with life was in the loss of their professional roles, thus, optimism might have served as a form of mediation between the two stages of the transition. Having a positive outlook on the way their lives was going allowed these physicians to better accept the end of their professional careers and to look forward to the beginning of their retired life. The probable importance of optimism as a mediator was also evidenced by the fact that in the same study by Austrom et al. (2003) it was found that optimism didn’t play as significant a role in determining life satisfaction when it came to the physician’s wives. This may have been due to the fact that they did not need to maintain a positive outlook to boost a sudden change in life roles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Optimism and not pessimism, which involves having a negative outlook on life, is found to be a greater predictor of life satisfaction. This was specifically found by a study conducted by Chang Sanna (2003). Thus in the present study, only the variable of optimism will be taken into consideration and not its counterpart, pessimism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another variable that may show a relationship with an individual’s satisfaction with life is the personality trait of conscientiousness. Conscientiousness has been investigated by many researchers in terms of how well it predicts an individual’s life satisfaction. This trait refers to an individual’s tendency to be organized, diligent and reliable in their behavior. (Chapman, Duberstein, and Lyness, 2007) Conscientiousness may have a role to play in satisfaction because conscientious individuals are able to have more mature defenses and are also able to have a quality of life that is considered by most to be above par as they are able to have more responsibility and control over their health, their social interactions, and their general well-being (Chapman et al, 2007). It may well be that the same link can be found between conscientiousness and life satisfaction. If higher levels of conscientiousness indicate higher quality of life, it may also indicate greater degree of satisfaction with life as a result of the same mechanisms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A study by Lounsbury, Saudarga, Gibson, and Leong (2005) examined just this relationship. Through an inspection of the personality characteristics accounted for in the Big Five, it was found that conscientiousness along with extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience account for 45% of total perceived life satisfaction. Is conscientiousness, then, as a variable independent of the other personality traits in the Big Five, significantly related to satisfaction with life?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The present study aims to investigate the relationships that exist between satisfaction with life and the three variables stated above: social network size, optimism, and conscientiousness. Based on the empirical evidence provided by past literature, it is predicted that satisfaction with life will be significantly correlated to optimism and conscientiousness. A greater level of optimism and conscientiousness in an individual will indicate a greater satisfaction with life. Also, social network size is hypothesized to have no significant difference on satisfaction with life. The last hypothesis is based on the findings of past literature. However, due to the questionable nature of past studies and how these measured social network against life satisfaction, the present study’s hypothesis may turn out to be negated. It is hypothesized, then, that the variables of optimism and conscientiousness will have a significant and direct relationship with satisfaction with life while that of social network size will have no significant difference on satisfaction with life. Methodology Participants   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The participants of the study totaled 91 students, 23 (25.3%) of whom were male and 68(74.7%) of whom were female. (See Table 1 in Appendix for tabulated figures) All the participants were enrolled in Research Method in Psychology classes at the California State University, Fullerton. The ethnicity break down of the participants is the following: African American – 1.1%, Asian (Pacific Islander) – 3.3%, Caucasian – 49.5%, Hispanic – 27.5%, Middle Eastern – 2.2%, Southeast Asian – 2.2%, multiethnic – 11%. 3.3% of the participants reported to having other types of ethnicity.   (See Table 2 in Appendix for tabulated figures) The range in ages of the participants was from 19 years to 46 years. The mean age was 23 years old. (See Table 3 in Appendix for tabulated figures) None of the participants received incentive for their participation. There were no extra credits or monetary compensations given in exchange for their contribution to the study. Materials or Measures   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, Tellegen, 1988). The PANAS measures trait negative affect or the affective well being of the participants. It is composed of a 10-item scale designed to measure typical experiences of negative affect. Participants are able to rate the extent to which they experience certain mood states such as distressed, upset, scared, and irritable. They are able to do this through the indicators of a 5-point scale (very slightly or not at all, a little, moderately, quite a bit, extremely). The participants were asked to indicate to what extent they felt each feeling or emotion listed during the past two weeks from the time of the survey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen Griffin, 1985) The SWLS is a global measure for subjective well-being and life satisfaction. Diener et al (1985) defined life satisfaction as a conscious cognitive judgment life. This entails an individual’s comparison of their own life experiences with a self-set standard. The scale is composed of 5 items and utilizes a 7-point Likert-type scale (1-strongly disagree to 7-strongly agree).   The items of the test included statements such as â€Å"The conditions of my life are excellent† and â€Å"If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing.† Possible total scores range from 5 to 35. A resulting score ranging from 5 to 19 signifies dissatisfaction while scores between 21-31 signify satisfaction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Life Orientation Test (LOT-R; Scheier, Carver, Bridges, 1994) The LOT-R measures generalized optimism. The test is made up of 10 items. Participants will indicate the extent to which they agree with the 10 statements in the test through a 5-point Likert-type scale (0-strongly disagree to 4-strongly agree). The statements involved sentiments like â€Å"in uncertain times, I usually expect the best†. A participant can achieve a score from 0 to 24 with a higher score indicating greater levels of optimism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Big Five Inventory (BFI; John, Donahue, Kentle, 1994) The BFI was used to assess the personalities of the participants with regards to the five aspects included in the big five namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. The BFI consists of 44 items that ask the participants to rank themselves on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1-disagree strongly to 5-agree strongly). The 44 items deal with different types of behavior related to the Big Five. For the present study, the BFI will be used to measure the variable of conscientiousness. BFI items related to conscientiousness included â€Å"perseveres until the task is finished†, â€Å"is a reliable worker†, and â€Å"does things efficiently†. Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6; Lubben Gironda, 2003) The LSNS-6 is a test of a set of questions establishing ties with relatives and ties with non-relatives. Examples of these questions include â€Å"How many relatives do you see or hear from at least once a month?† and â€Å"How many friends do you see or hear from at least once a month? The participant chooses one of the options available for each question. These answers have corresponding points. Total scores of the participants may range from 0 to 30. A higher score indicates a higher level of social network. For this research, the LSNS-6 was used to measure social network size. A high score in the LSNS-6 was taken to signify a larger social network size while a low score meant a smaller social network size. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1989) The RSES measures global self-esteem. The test is composed of 10 items. Responses are given on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1-strongly disagree to 5-strongly agree). A sample question is At times I feel like I am no good at all. Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS; Lyubominsky, and Lepper , 1999) The SHS measures global subjective happiness. The test consists of four items. Responses are given on a 7-point Likert-type scale (1-7). A sample question is â€Å"Some people are generally very happy. They enjoy life regardless of what is going on, getting the most out of everything. To what extent does this characterization describe you?† Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ; McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang, 2002) The gratitude questionnaire is a self-report test measuring global gratitude. The test consists of six items. Responses are given on a 7-point Likert-type scale (1-stronlgy disagree to 7-strongly agree). A sample item is â€Å"If I had to list everything that I was grateful for, it would be a very long list.† Tendency to Forgive Scale (TTF; Brown, 2002) The TTF is a test measuring global forgiveness tendencies. The test consists of four items. Responses are given on a 7-point Likert-type scale (1-strongly disagree to 7-strongly agree). A sample item is â€Å"I tend to get over it quickly when someone hurts my feelings.† Procedure Questionnaires were handed out to all participants in their respective classrooms of Research Method in Psychology at the California State University, Fullerton. Participants were given instructions as a group and were told that participation in this study would be anonymous. It was also stated that they may voluntarily choose to participate and could withdraw at anytime. The whole session took about 15-30 minutes. Participants were provided informed consent prior to the administration of the test and were debriefed after they finished. Results The results showed that individuals’ with a smaller social network size (mean=4.10) were significantly less satisfied compared to those with life larger social network size (mean=5.05; t(89)= -3.79, p.001). There was a noted positive correlation between optimism and satisfaction with life (r = 0.543, p = 0.01). A positive correlation was also found between conscientiousness and satisfaction with life (r = 0.222, p = 0.05) Discussion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main purpose of this research was to establish whether a relationship existed between satisfaction with life and optimism, and satisfaction with life and conscientiousness. Another purpose was to establish whether social network size made a difference to satisfaction with life. The original hypothesis of the study stated that a significant positive relationship would be found between satisfaction with life and optimism as well as between satisfaction with life and conscientiousness. It was also hypothesized that social network size would not have a significant difference on satisfaction with life. The hypotheses of the present study were based on the findings of past researches. (Quinn et al, 1980; Bowling et al, 1991; Austrom et al, 2003; Chang and Sanna, 2003; Chapman et al, 2007; Lounsbury et al, 2005) The results of the current study show that there is a significantly positive relationship between satisfaction with life and two variables it was compared against, namely, optimism and conscientiousness. Results also showed a significant difference with social network size and satisfaction with life. The initial hypotheses for optimism and conscientiousness were supported. The hypothesis regarding social network size, however, was rejected by the statistical results. The findings on optimism and conscientiousness validate past research findings. These showed that greater optimism in life contributed to greater satisfaction with life (Austrom et al., 2003). Optimism was also found to be a good predictor of life satisfaction (Chang and Sanna, 2003). Past findings established conscientiousness to be a contributing factor to life satisfaction (Lounsbury et al, 2005) as well as a variable directly related to higher quality of life ratings (Chapman et al., 2007). The findings on social network size, on the other hand, disagree with past research findings where social network interaction was not found to be related to life satisfaction (Quinn et al., 1980) and where the size of the individual’s social network was determined to be a bad predictor of life satisfaction (Bowling et al., 1991). Optimism may be able to affect life satisfaction positively due to the fact that a positive outlook on life can also cause a better assessment of past experiences not just of present circumstances. If one is able to achieve a better disposition towards life, the tendency to overlook the negativity that will detract from satisfaction felt towards life will be greater. This shows that the statistical significance of optimism (r=0.543, p=0.01) with satisfaction with life is warranted. Conscientiousness, on the other hand, was also positively correlated to (r=0.035, p=0.05) with satisfaction with life. This may be due to the fact that conscientiousness indicates a better ability to handle life experiences. Conscientiousness, as defined in the Big Five Inventory (Donahue et al., 2001), entails caution, dependability, organization and responsibility. These characteristics when applied to the everyday behavior and experiences of an individual are most likely to indicate an individual who achieves success. People who are more cautious, more dependable, more organized, and more responsible are the ones who are achievers in human society. It may be that the success and achievement linked with conscientious people is also the link that sustains their satisfaction with life. This is not to say that individuals deemed to have low conscientiousness are not likely to feel satisfaction with life. The findings only suggest that a high level of conscientiousness predicts life satisfaction to great extent. The discussion of how social network size is related to satisfaction with life should be done with care. The fact that previous research found no significant difference between social network and life satisfaction may have been due to the inadequacy of measurement with the past research. Quinn et al. (1980), for example, concentrated on the interaction that occurred in social network and not size. This meant that Quinn et al. (1980) focused on the quality of the individual’s social network and not on the quantity. Bowling et al. (1991), on the other hand, compared two different localities and this is what might have caused the inconsistencies in their findings concerning social network size and life satisfaction. Inherent characteristics of urban and rural locations could have played into action and caused the insignificant findings. For the present study, however, the significant difference between social network size and life satisfaction makes sense especially because social network size is also an indicator of an individual’s degree of social interaction as well as sources of social support; both of which are essential in an individual’s development. The findings of this study are limited because of the small sample size used. A bigger sample that is more representative of the general population should be used in future research. In addition, only a few variables concerning satisfaction with life were investigated. Future research should incorporate more variables that may affect life satisfaction into the study. The variables of social support, social interaction, and pessimism are a few of the factors that should be investigated. The significant relationship between social network size and life satisfaction should also be validated by future studies as the results in this study are not in agreement with previous works. The implications of the study are far-reaching. Establishing the relationships existing between life satisfaction, optimism, and conscientiousness allows different clinicians and practitioners in the healthcare system a chance to improve their handling of clients with low satisfaction with life. This may most likely involve older adults. Because satisfaction with life in itself is a concept that health-care workers find hard to deal with, finding other personality traits and variables that are related to it enables these workers an alternative in aiding these types of patients. Increasing optimism and improving conscientiousness in an individual can help to increase their satisfaction with life. In addition, increasing the size of the client’s social network will improve their satisfaction with life. The present study’s findings can also be expanded to teachers in the field of education. Satisfaction of their students can be increased by allowing them to feel more optimistic about their activities also by guiding them to be more conscientious in their behavior. Also, increasing opportunities for students to enlarge their social networks can also help these students improve their feelings of satisfaction with life. References Austrom, M.G., Perkins, A. J., Damush, T. M., Hendrie, H. C. (2003). Predictors of life satisfaction in retired physicians and spouses. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 134-141 Bowling, A., Farquhar, M., Browne, P. (1991). Life satisfaction and associations with social network and support variables in three samples of elderly people. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 6, 549-566 Brown, R. (2003). Measuring individual differences in the tendency to forgive: construct validity and links with depression. Society forPersonality and Social Psychology, 29, 759-771 Chang,  E.C., Sanna, L. J.  (2003). Optimism, accumulated life stress, and psychological and physical adjustment: is it always adaptive to expect the best?  Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,  22,  97-115. Chapman, B., Duberstein, P., Lyness, J. M. (2007). Personality traits, education, and health-related quality of life among older adult primary care patients. Journals of Gerontology: series B psychological sciences and social sciences, 62B, 343-352 Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R. J., Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75. John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., Kentle, R. (1991). The â€Å"Big Five† Inventory – Versions 4a and 54.   Technical Report, Institute of Personality Assessment and Research, Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley. Lounsbury, J. W., Saudarga, R. A., Gibson, L. W., Leong, F. T. (2005). An investigation of broad and narrow personality traits in relation to general and domain specific live satisfaction of college students. Research in Higher Education,46, 707-729 Lubben, J. E., Gironda, M. W. (2003a). Centrality of social ties to the health and well-being of older adults. In B. Berkman L. K. Harooytan (Eds.), Social work and health care in an aging world (pp. 319-350). New York: Springer Lyubomirsky, S., Lepper, H. S.  (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation.  Social Indicators Research,  46,  137-155. Mancini, J. A., Quinn, W., Gavigan, M. A., Franklin, H. (1980). Social network interaction among older adults: implications for life satisfaction. Human Relations, 33, 543-554 McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112-127. Mitchell, J. C. (1969) The concept and use of social networks. In Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analysis of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns Ed. J.C. Mitchell. Manchester: Manchester University Press Rosenberg, Morris. (1989). Society and the adolescent self-image. Revised edition. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54,1063-1070.

Risk Assessment for Elderly Falls

Risk Assessment for Elderly Falls Q1: Part of your education includes experiences in different types of healthcare settings. How would your role in the primary care setting be different from your role in the acute care setting? Include in your discussion a definition of the philosophy of primary health care and the principles of wellness. Healthcare is provided at three levels primary care, secondary or acute care and tertiary care , each provides a structure for how healthcare services are organised and delivered for example primary care tends to be delivered in a GPS offices and community clinics and tertiary care is more commonly provided in hospitals and rehab facilities ( Crisp J Taylor C 1997). in recent years the term primary healthcare has been used interchangeably with primary medical care and primary nursing care although they are not the same ( Wass,2000 ). primary nursing care is focused on illness intervention. It is a pattern of care delivery in which a single nurse takes responsibility for a large group of clients, such is in an aged care facility.( Crisp J Taylor C 2005). where secondary and tertiary levels of care are provided in the hospital setting, in these settings, nurses work closely with all members of the health care team to plan , co ordinate and deliver care for people who are seriously ill. Nurses must constantly monitor and evaluate whether care is effective and how it can be improved, acute care nurses respond to clients needs expectations to form effective care partners. The principles of wellness a classic definition of health is that adopted by the world health organization (WHO ) which states that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity â€Å"(WHO 1974:1).? Q2: Mr Alexopoulos, is 88 years old who has migrated from Greece and lives alone. He speaks very basic English only. In the past year he has fallen twice at home, once by tripping over a rug and once when he got up to go to the bathroom at night. He has become increasingly afraid of falling again and tends to restrict his activities in the home. He goes out only when accompanied by his son. QUESTION A. In the information provided, outline the data the nurse would use to complete a risk assessment for Mr Alexopoulos (include bio psychosocial and cultural health care considerations in relation to implementing primary health care). ANSWER . During the assessment the nurse obtains two types of data: subjective and objective. Subjective data are clients perceptions about their health problems only clients can provide that kind of information. For example the presence of pain or the meanings of an illness are subjective findings. Although only clients can provide information about symptoms frequency, duration, location and intensity. Subjective data may include feelings of anxiety physical discomfort or mental stress Objective data are observations or measurements made by the data collector the nurse (crisp et al 2005). to conduct a comprehensive and patient focused assessment possible risks to the patients safety including enviromental as well as individual risk factors should be taken into consideration. When assessing a home for hazards and risks indiviual needs of the patient should be considered, a walk through the home with the patient should be done to assess the possible risks of the enviroment and to the patient, a discussion between the patient and nurse should take place to find out how the patient conducts his daily living activities this should give an indication of the patients immediate needs, getting a sense of how the patient conducts his daily routine helps the nurse to identify hazards that may not be obvious,(crisp 2013 p 278). B. QUESTION What aspects of Mr Alexopoulos’ environment need to be assessed? ANSWER The home environment needs to be assessed such as furniture placement , lighting, removing the rug as it is a trip/fall hazard incorporate multidisciplinary team members such as assisted living. (crisp 2013 p 279). C. QUESTION. Design interventions to ensure Mr Alexopoulos’ safety in his home. ANSWER Assisted living, remove all trip and falls hazards with clients permission an ACAT assessment D. QUESTION In terms of evaluation, what findings indicate that Mr Alexopoulos should not live alone in the house? ANSWER due to the patients age and general health his two past falls,he can no longer care properly for himself E QUESTION What allied health and community services referrals would you suggest to assist Mr Alexopoulos to maintain his independence? ANSWER collaboration with other disciplines such as occupational therapy community nursing ,home care, meals on wheels, community transport physiotherapy may become an important part of the plan of care planning also involves an understanding of the patients needs and maintain his independence .the patient and nurse collaborate together to establish ways of maintaining the patients active involvement in the home.(crisp 2013 p 280). Q 3 Choose one of the theories listed below and explain how it would apply in these different healthcare settings: Aged Care; Palliative Care; Mental Health; Hospitals 3.Hildegard Peplaus theory (1952)is focused on the nurse and the interactive process with the patient so a relationship can be established between the two , according to Peplaus model the patient is an individual with specific needs and nursing is the interpersonal and therapeutic process. The nurses goal is to educate the patient and their family to help the patient reach personal development. The nurse develops a relationship with the patient so she can help the patient with resources needed for their care. This theory can also be applied to other healthcare settings such as aged care, pallitive care, mental health and hospitals for goals to be set in the above institutions the nurse must develop the same interpersonal relationship with the patient so effective care can be optimized for the patient. (Crisp 2013 p 49) Q4: Many countries suffer health inequalities, including Australia – specifically within the ATSI community. In Western societies social issues continue to emerge as the gap between those with and those without economic resources grows. In what ways do you think an individual’s financial status affects their ability to access health resources? A. Socioeconomic factors: social and psychosocial factors can increase the risk for illness and influence the way a person defines and reacts to illness. One of the most powerful variables is economic status. Economic variables may affect a clients level of health by increasing the risk of disease and influencing how or at what point the client enters the healthcare system. (Crisp et al 2013 p). B. The most significant effects of economic status are more often experienced by those at the extreme lower end of the economic scale, racial (ATSI) and ethnic minorities are considered high risk groups for illness because of their economic status (Evans and stoddart, 1994;najman, 1993), (crisp et al 2001) Q5: Discuss the following features of the Australian health care system: State vs Federal health care funding A. The Australian Government is chiefly responsible for health service funding; control of health products, services and workforce; and national health policy leadership. The states and territories are essentially responsible for the delivery and management of public health services (including public hospitals, community health and public dental care), and the standard of health care providers and private health facilities. Local governments fund and deliver some health services such as environmental health programs. (Australian bureau of statistics, 2012). The Australian and state and territory governments fund and deliver a range of other health services including universal healthcare programs, community health services, health and medical research, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health services, mental health services, health workforce and health base. (Australian bureau of statistics, 2012). B. MEDICARE VS PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE, The face of the Australian public Health care system, Medicare, is run by the Federal Government. Medicare started in the 1970s under the Whitlam government as ‘Medibank’ and was renamed in 1984. The Medicare system allows free, universal hospital cover for eligible persons in public hospitals. (GCIT, 2014a) eligible persons means all Australians and the majority of people of low socioeconomic circumstance who may not be able to afford private healthcare Private health care is also available in Australia under a ‘user pays’ system, whereby Medicare will cover some costs, the private health company covers other costs and the patient pays the remainder or ‘gap payment’. Private health care insurers and providers receive the majority of their funds from charging their members. Private hospitals receive minimal to no funding from the government and are funded through the user pay system of private health insurance. They receive the Medicare benefits identified for the treatment provided, but no more than that (even if the cost of the procedure to the hospital was $500 more). This is why there is a gap payment with private health. The private health system also benefits from a 30% private health rebate to all people who purchase private health insurance, which is paid for by the Federal Government. This rebate is aimed at encouraging more participation in the private health system, to take some of the pressure of the public health system. Private health insurance works alongside Medicare and can be used in both public and private hospitals. Patients have the right to elect to be admitted as a public patient even if they have private health insurance within public hospital facilities. (GCIT, 2014a)? C. AGED CARE, Australia’s aged care system is structured around two main forms of care delivery, residential (accommodation and various levels of nursing and/or personal care) and community care (ranging from delivered meals, home help and transport to intensive coordinated care packages for people who otherwise would need residential care). Residential services are mainly in the non-government sector, about half being operated by religious and charitable organizations. Residential aged-care funding in Australia: that is day-to-day operations of facilities are governed by both Commonwealth and state government policies. (Australian Government, 2011) D. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme is an extension of Medicare and allows prescription medications to be purchased by Australians at differing rates, depending on their income. There’s a threshold and once this threshold is met, the pharmaceuticals can be purchased at a discounted rate. (GCIT, 2014a) ? Q6: Access DMF A4 nursing summary guide -2010from the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia website: (click on this link to be taken directly to the article – â€Å"Nursing practice decisions summary guide†) http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Codes-Guidelines.aspx#professionalpracticeguidelines Use this scope of practice decision-making summary to assist you to identify the issues outlined in the following case study: This evening when you report for your shift on to your general medical ward, the charge nurse tells you that you need to assist on the orthopedic ward. You have not had any recent experience with orthopedic patients. When you arrive on the orthopedic ward, the charge nurse allocates you patients who require special techniques for getting out of bed and who need to do exercises using specialized equipment during the shift. You are not familiar with the techniques or the equipment. The charge nurse tells you that the patients can explain it to you. 6. A. according to DMF A4 summary guide Does the person who is to perform the activity have the knowledge, skill, authority and ability (capacity) to do so either autonomously or with education, support and supervision. no I would not accept this assignment as I have had no recent experience with orthopedic patients and I should not have to rely on the patients to tell me how to transfer them or to use the equipment? ? B. DMF A4 Select appropriate, competent person to perform the activity C. ACTION †¢ Consult/seek advice (eg NUM, DON other health professional) OR †¢ Refer/collaborate OR †¢ Plan to enable integration/practice changes if appropriate (including developing/implementing policies, gaining qualifications as needed) ? Within each nursing level, there are standards of practice and scopes of practice issued by the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council. These guidelines and competencies are issued by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA). (GCIT, 2014a) Ensuring that you practice within your scope and role, within your place of employment is essential. Furthermore, it should be made abundantly clear that all health care facilities will have policies and procedures that must be followed in order to undertake care provision or procedures. (GCIT, 2014a) ? Q7: Identify 2 community health promotional strategies and evaluate their effectiveness. Health promotion at a population and community level another main area of nursing intervention. (Crisp 2013 p 310) for example a health promotion strategy is get set for life The get set for life health promotion strategy was developed as a handbook / guide that provides realistic information to help parents and carers to interact with their child in developing and strengthen the value of establishing healthy life habits. The handbook also has useful resources for parents/carers to obtain further information regarding the health and development of their children. The aim of the Healthy Kids Check is to ensure all four-year-old children in Australia have a basic health check to see if they are healthy, fit and ready to learn when they start school. The Healthy Kids Check promotes early detection of lifestyle risk factors, delayed development and illness, and introduces a direction for healthy life styles and early intervention strategies (Australian Government, 2009.) The Healthy Kids Check can be undertaken by a doctor but not including a specialist or consultant physician, or a practice nurse on behalf of a GP. (Australian Government, 2009.).? Another health promotion that is community based is active after school communities program this program was established by the Australian sports commission, the aim of the health promotion is to get kids moving and enjoying sport. The Active After-school Communities (AASC) program, which is the largest Government initiative of its kind. The program is designed to engage non-active kids, or those not involved in mainstream sport. To start to participate in sport and enjoy playing sport A positive introduction to all varieties of sport to children may inspire a passion for sport and more importantly it can help develop mobility skills Evaluation of the effectiveness of the program Since 2005, nearly 400 000 children have been given this introduction to sport and over half a million sessions have been delivered around the country. Currently, there are up to 150,000 children participating in the program, which is run in up to 3250 schools and after-school care locations in every state and territory in Australia. (Australian Government, 2009.) Q8: When you graduate, identify where you could find out about employment opportunities. Outline the interview process and materials/Information required to apply for a position 8. To find jobs, the best information resources are newspapers (both print and online), the Internet, hospital internal vacancies and government websites. (GCIT, 2014a) Once you have found a job you would like to apply for, you’ll need to create a resume. It can be a difficult task to list all of your attributes and education, without sounding ‘over the top’! A resume should include the sections that portray you at your best, outlining your experience in not only nursing, but other relevant areas of employment. Always ask for the position description before applying for a job. Also note that many organisations have specific selection criterion to be addressed when applying for a position, depending on the institution (e.g. state or private) and the job description. (GCIT, 2014a) If your application appeals to the employer, the next step will probably be an interview. There are particular processes involved in a nursing job interview. A panel of selected nursing and non-nursing peers will review your application and ask you a series of questions related to both your experience and the role you’re applying for. (GCIT, 2014a)

Whiteout in Wyoming :: Rhetorical Analysis Kevin Deenihan Essays

Whiteout in Wyoming This article is a comical recollection of a young college student’s trip to Jackson Hole, Wyoming entitled â€Å"Whiteout in Wyoming†. He uses a journal entry structure and rhetorical appeals to enable his audience to clearly perceive his perception that Wyoming is white. Through his whole vacation there is snow everywhere, and he only encounters one minority, who I kind of got the feeling that the author didn’t consider him a â€Å"real† minority, or a minor enough minority. It is written by a student from the University of California at Berkeley named Kevin Deenihan, who recently took a vacation to his home in Jackson Hole with his family. The article was published in the only intentionally funny journal from UC Berkeley called, â€Å"The Heuristic Squelch†. Most students from UC Berkeley read the journal, but anyone can subscribe. It is also published on the web for those who don’t feel they need six issues every year. The purpose of the article is to inform people who have never been to Wyoming how it is, but it’s mostly to entertain. There are three structures in this argument: chronological, topical, and cause and effect. It is in journal entry style beginning February 21st and spanning for the next five days of his vacation discussing the presence of snow and the lack of minorities in Jackson Hole. It is cause and effect because he spends so many seeing one minority person that when he returns to Los Angeles he is more appreciative of them and tips his cab driver, named Ahmed, extra. He does not use any logic to convince the audience that that Wyoming is white, but uses a deductive argument by generally noting that â€Å"for the past four years we’ve had a blizzard wherever we go skiing†. (Deenihan 2003) Then moving to a more specific Rhetorical Analysis of example, for example, â€Å"It is, in fact, snowing, and we find that a giant cloud has settled over the mountain†. (Deenihan 2003) Then He does build himself up, but not in a way that would make him more credible- quite the contrary in fact. He tells the reader that he is a weather god because clouds follow him wherever he goes. When someone says something like that, it takes away a lot of their credibility. He appeals to the reader’s sense of humor and imagery. He almost immediately attracts the audience by an obscure account of his landscape in the second sentence.